The Holocaust A Major Effect On Judaism - 1409 Words

The holocaust had a major effect on Judaism as a whole. This conflict between tragedy and faith is not new. Jewish history shows us that the jewish people have undergone the most terrible persecutions and genocide at the hands of many oppressors. Whether it be about the pogroms, crusades, destruction of the Temples, the jewish people have been at the brunt of the most terrible atrocities, and yet this does not shake their faith,Anti-Semitism was nothing new. This became even more evident with the unmasking of the holocaust.The philosophical question of â€Å"Shall the Judge of the earth not do justice?† applies just as much to the seemingly useless suffering of an individual as to that of six million individuals. If it could be dealt with on an individual basis before the Holocaust, why couldn t it be dealt with in the same way afterwards? The difference is one of quantity, but the quality of the question remains the same. In truth however, Hitler’s Final Solution was something peculiar in the fact that few people believed that in the 20th Century, when society had reached its intellectual and ethical peak, such genocide was conceivable. Public consensus, along with the media, reassured us that we could no longer return to the Middle Ages. However, the philosophers and prophets of Berlin, with their fine manners and high society, turned into the world’s greatest murderers. The world was silent. One may add, not only silent but in whole passive, sometimes comfortable with whatShow MoreRelatedBiography and Book Report on Shaul Magid1610 Words   |  6 Pagesa professor of religious studies and the Jay and Jeannie Schottenstein Chair of Jewish Studies in Modern Judaism at Indiana University. In addition, on the site he says that he grew up in a secular Jewish household in New York and then become serious about religion at the age of 20 in which he dove deeply into the world of Hasidism. He says that he is fascinated by the complex nexus of Judaism and American counterculture of his youth and writes about the topic as a scholar rather then an observerRead MoreJews : The Forever Faithful1930 Words   |  8 PagesJews: The Forever Faithful Most people today immediately think about the holocaust when they put the words suffering and Jews together. However, there are layers of history buried beneath the holocaust that is unseen by the common eye. Jews have been persecuted for what seems like the beginning of time for their beliefs. It is ironic that today’s most popular religions were so hostile towards their own origins. The holocaust is an add-on to truly confirm people’s ignorance. The Jewish people areRead MoreChristianity And Judaism : Christianity Vs. Judaism Essay1706 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity vs. Judaism â€Å"If you take away the Jewish contribution to Christianity, there would be no Christianity. Judaism does not need Christianity to explain its existence; Christianity, however, cannot explain its existence without Judaism.† – John Hagee This quote synthesizes that Judaism was a foundation of Christianity. This is the fundamental reason they are the same; however, there are numerous reasons Judaism and Christianity are different. Comparing how these two religions justify theRead MoreThe Egyptian Kingdom Of The Pharaohs1721 Words   |  7 Pagestrue goal by following the practices of purification and discipline laid down by tirthankaras. For Jains, the understanding of Karma is different from that of the Hindus and Buddhists, for whom it is a morale concept of moral concept of cause and effect. Jains rely on teaching but not on any divine, or other, help God or Gods are recognized as part of the cosmos, but not as supreme or as outside the cosmos or its processes. Though an enormous part of Jainism is Cosmology, which the Jain monks studiedRead MoreAt the Minds Limit by Jean Amery: Book Report2302 Words   |  10 Pagesseries of essays written by Jean Amery, a German born Jew who survived the holocaust, who gives th e reader a very interesting perspective into the mind of a persecuted Jew from 1935 forward. Amery does not consider himself a religious Jew or one who follows any Jewish traditions. In fact, he did not know that Yiddish was a language until he was 18. So Amery describes the events leading up to and following the holocaust through the eyes of an â€Å"intellectual† and tries to find out whether being anRead MoreDaniel Libeskind - The Jewish Museum in Berlin1843 Words   |  8 Pagesuntreated to house the ghost of German Judaism, a rare opportunity to visit an empty building for its such high profile budget. The challenge is to excavate the memory that was already there but suppressed by the medium of contemporary architecture, uncanny. This essay is to analyze the capturing of a spiritual existence from a part of the bygone Berlin, and the museum’s capacity to address one of the most profoundly tragic events of the twentieth century, the Holocaust, in the use of li ght, material, andRead MoreThe Jewish Self Identity Essay2488 Words   |  10 Pagesthe Jewish people have formed a self-identity that is unlike any other cultural group in this world. There are three components that make up the Jewish self-identity: antisemitism and its effects, the image of the self-hating Jew, often a result of antisemitism, and the events and repercussions of the Holocaust. Some scholars would argue that antisemitism is a result of the New Testament’s portrayal of the Jewish people as the reason for Christ’s crucifixion. In fact, in the Gospel of Acts, theRead MoreIn Chaim Potoks The Chosen And The Man Who Broke Into Auschwitz1044 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War 2 was a time of persecution, fighting, and devastation. The Holocaust and World War 2 have lasting effects to the world that no one will ever forget. Chaim Potok’s novel The Chosen and the true story The Man Who Broke Into Auschwitz told by Denis Avey both depict the events of World War 2, but in very different ways. In The Chosen, Reuven Malter and hasid Danny Saunders become unlikely friends through an accident in a huge baseball game. Danny hits Reuven in the eye while batting in baseballRead MoreUkraine : A Large And Pivotal State1085 Words   |  5 Pagessoutheast and 65 ° F in northern Ukraine. Average rainfall across the country is 18 to 24 inches annually. The landscape is defined by the Ukrainian steppes, or plateaus. These were historically grass lands that gave way to the Russian plains. Several major rivers flow through the center of the country south into the Black Sea and the Azov Sea. The Danube river delta marks a border with Romania to the Southwest. The Carpathian Mountain in the west mark the highest point in the country at 2,061 metersRead MoreModernism and the Holocaust Essay1932 Words   |  8 PagesThe emergence of the Holocaust and the Nazi party views can largely be determined as a result of modernity, as a reaction against the times. Yet, at the same time it can be argued that the National Socialist party can be characterized as a modern development. Modris Eksteins, George Mosse, and Zygmundt Bauman offer an in-depth look into both the anti-modern and modern aspects of the Nazi movement and the resulting Holocaust. Eksteins work proves to be the most thorough of the three works in following

World War II Bomber Command Dambuster Raids

During the early days of World War II, the Royal Air Forces Bomber Command sought to strike at German dams in the Ruhr. Such an attack would damage water and electrical production, as well as inundate large areas of the region. Conflict Date Operation Chastise took place on May 17, 1943, and was part of World War II. Aircraft Commanders Wing Commander Guy Gibson19 aircraft Operation Chastise Overview Assessing the feasibility of the mission, it was found that multiple strikes with a high degree of accuracy would be necessary. As these would have to take place against heavy enemy resistance, Bomber Command dismissed the raids as unpractical. Pondering the mission, Barnes Wallis, an aircraft designer at Vickers, devised a different approach to breaching the dams. While first proposing the use of a 10-ton bomb, Wallis was forced to move on as no aircraft capable carrying such a payload existed. Theorizing that a small charge could break the dams if detonated below the water, he was initially thwarted by the presence of German anti-torpedo nets in the reservoirs. Pushing on with the concept, he began developing a unique, cylindrical bomb designed to skip along the surface of the water before sinking and exploding at the dams base. To accomplish this, the bomb, designated Upkeep, was spun backward at 500 rpm before being dropped from low altitude. Striking the dam, the bombs spin would let it roll down the face before exploding underwater. Wallis idea was put forward to Bomber Command and after several conferences were accepted on February 26, 1943. While Wallis team worked to perfect the Upkeep bomb design, Bomber Command assigned the mission to 5 Group. For the mission, a new unit, 617 Squadron, was formed with Wing Commander Guy Gibson in command. Based at RAF Scampton, just northwest of Lincoln, Gibsons men were given uniquely modified Avro Lancaster Mk.III bombers. Dubbed the B Mark III Special (Type 464 Provisioning), 617s Lancasters had much of the armor and defensive armament removed to reduce weight. In addition, the bomb bay doors were taken off to allow the fitting of special crutches to hold and spin the Upkeep bomb. As the mission planning progressed, it was decided to strike the MÃ ¶hne, Eder, and Sorpe Dams. While Gibson relentlessly trained his crews in low-altitude, night flying, efforts were made to find solutions to two key technical problems. These were ensuring that the Upkeep bomb was released at a precise altitude and distance from the dam. For the first issue, two lights were mounted under each aircraft such that their beams would converge on the surface of the water then the bomber was at the correct altitude. To judge range, special aiming devices which utilized towers on each dam were built for 617s aircraft. With these problems solved, Gibsons men began test runs over reservoirs around England. Following their final testing, the Upkeep bombs were delivered on May 13, with the goal of Gibsons men conducting the mission four days later. Flying the Dambuster Mission Taking off in three groups after dark on May 17, Gibsons crews flew at around 100 feet to evade German radar. On the outbound flight, Gibsons Formation 1, consisting of nine Lancasters, lost an aircraft en route to the MÃ ¶hne when it was downed by high tension wires. Formation 2 lost all but one of its bombers as it flew towards Sorpe. The last group, Formation 3, served as a reserve force and diverted three aircraft to Sorpe to make up for losses. Arriving at MÃ ¶hne, Gibson led the attack in and successfully released his bomb. He was followed by Flight Lieutenant John Hopgood whose bomber was caught in the blast from its bomb and crashed. To support his pilots, Gibson circled back to draw German flak while the others attacked. Following a successful run by Flight Lieutenant Harold Martin, Squadron Leader Henry Young was able to breach the dam. With the MÃ ¶hne Dam broken, Gibson led the flight to Eder where his three remaining aircraft negotiated tricky terrain to score hits on the dam. The dam was finally opened by Pilot Officer Leslie Knight. While Formation 1 was achieving success, Formation 2 and its reinforcements continued to struggle. Unlike MÃ ¶hne and Eder, the Sorpe Dam was earthen rather than masonry. Due to increasing fog and as the dam was undefended, Flight Lieutenant Joseph McCarthy from Formation 2 was able to make ten runs before releasing his bomb. Scoring a hit, the bomb only damaged the crest of the dam. Two aircraft from Formation 3 attacked as well but were unable to inflict substantial damage. The remaining two reserve aircraft were directed to secondary targets at Ennepe and Lister. While Ennepe was unsuccessfully attacked (this aircraft may have struck Bever Dam by mistake), Lister escaped unharmed as Pilot Officer Warner Ottley was downed en route. Two additional aircraft were lost during the return flight. Aftermath Operation Chastise cost 617 Squadron eight aircraft as well as 53 killed and 3 captured. The successful attacks on the MÃ ¶hne and Eder dams released 330 million tons of water into the western Ruhr, reducing water production by 75% and flooding large amounts of farmland. In addition, over 1,600 were killed though many of these were forced laborers from occupied countries and Soviet prisoners of war. While British planners were pleased with the results, they were not long-lasting. By late June, German engineers had fully restored water production and hydroelectric power. Though the military benefit was fleeting, the success of the raids provided a boost to British morale and aided Prime Minister Winston Churchill in negotiations with the United States and the Soviet Union. For his role in the mission, Gibson was awarded the Victoria Cross while the men of 617 Squadron received a combined five Distinguished Service Orders, ten Distinguished Flying Crosses and four bars, twelve Distinguished Flying Medals, and two Conspicuous Gallantry Medals.

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay - 700 Words

Jacob Spear Mrs. Murk Honors English 1 30 January 2014 Inescapable Fate Many people don t believe that fate even exists. These people feel that one controls his or her own future. But in the case of the play, Romeo and Juliet written by Willian Shakespeare, this is not true. Romeo and Juliet is a story about two star-crossed lovers who ultimately die due to their fate. Since the moment they first time they met, things began in motion. These two lovers could not have done anything to change their course of fate, thus, why the story of Romeo and Juliet is a story controlled by fate, rather than a tragedy. In the very first act of Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare clearly states that the play is controlled by fate. In the prologue, it states that a pair of star-cross d lovers take their life (I. Prologue. 5-6). Shakespeare refers to them as star-crossed lovers because they are doomed due to the position of the planets when they were born. In other words, he is saying that these two lovers will die because of fate and will have no way of prevent ing it. Later in that act, shortly after meeting Juliet, Romeo says, I fear, too early: for my mind misgives Some consequence yet hanging in the stars Shall bitterly begin his fearful date With this night s revels and expire the term Of a despised life, clos d in my breast, By some vile forfeit of untimely death. (I. iv. 106-111) Romeo is saying he has a premonition that he will be controlled by fate and eventually lead to aShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words   |  7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare oc cupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows the so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1279 Words   |  6 Pagesour lives. The great, classic writers teach timeless, valuable life skills. Shakespeare was the greatest writer of all time. His writings mainly consisted of dramas and sonnets. Romeo and Juliet, as well as, A MIdsummer Night’s Dream were written about the same time period. He was able to inter relate everything that wrote. For example, the tale of Pyramus and Thisbe could possibly be an advertisement for Romeo and Juliet. The basic structure of the two dramas is the same; two forbidden lovers meet

Different Forms Of Terrorism And Providing Examples Of...

The word terrorism can be defined in many ways, therefore, there is no universal definition because another person’s terrorist is another individual freedom fighter and to use a universal definition could cause issues. In this paper the term terrorism is used as a deliberate act of violence to inflict terror in order to accomplish a political, religious, or ideological point. All acts of terrorism are used to create terror amount the mass so an individual or group can cause panic in order to force government officials to surrender to their demands. There are five forms of terrorism- domestic, nationalist, religious, state, and global terrorism- and each have a tendency to overlap, however, they do vary in their actions and affect people differently. In this paper, I will be investigating the different forms of terrorism and providing examples of terroristic acts globally. Domestic terrorism is defined by the United Stated (US) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) as an attack done on American’s by another American based on an extremist ideology. Domestic terrorism has existed worldwide for hundreds of years (Davidson Hudson, 2012, p 4-6). However, domestic terrorism that occurs throughout US history has been proven to be unlike any other countries because many terrorist attacks done in the US can be linked to racial, ethnic, or religious minorities. Many American terrorist are conservative extremists who believe whites are superior to all other races and as a result weShow MoreRelatedGlobal Terrorism : Can It Be Stopped? Essay2347 Words   |  10 Pages Global Terrorism: Can It Be Stopped? Mickey Barron American Studies - 3 Mr. Wheeler 11 November 2016  Tactics to induce terror in pursuit of a political goal have been utilized by a multitude of organizations across the globe. This method of power control is known as terrorism, and due to its impact and unpredictability, it is highly feared and monitored today in the 21st century. Attacks of this nature stem from radical beliefs of religion, ethics, or other politics, and

Canada Great Britain Comparison Free Essays

string(43) " and the making of international treaties\." Comparative Analysis of Canada’s Relationship Between Great Britain and the United States Introduction For centuries, the British Empire was comprised of multiple dominions, colonies, and territories ruled by the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The British Empire was present in areas all over the globe. Around the early 1900’s the Empire was said to govern a total population of almost 500 million people, and covered about one quarter of the total land mass on Earth, which was spread all around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Canada Great Britain Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now This empire was known to be the largest formal empire that the world had ever seen. The empire reached its greatest extent at the end of World War I, and at that point the empire included some of the following land territories: British Isles, British West Indies, British Guiana, British West Africa, British East Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Canada. Around the end of the 19th century, the economic lead that Britain had successfully kept for many years was beginning to become eroded. Read Essay In Westminster Abbey Analysis With this erosion of leadership came a great decolonization movement by most of the territories that were under control of the British Empire. Both World War I, and World War II put extreme financial and population strains on Britain, and even with the large amount of territorial extent the Empire no longer had the industrial or military power it once had. The empire relied heavily on the territories till the end of the Second World War. By the end of World War II, the Empire had no choice but to grant independence to most of its territories, which most joined the British Commonwealth of Nations. The Commonwealth of Nations is known as an intergovernmental organization of 54 independent states that were once part of the British Empire. Within in the Commonwealth the states cooperate with a framework of common values and goals, which include the promotion of democracy, human rights, good governance, the rule of law, individual liberty, egalitarianism, free trade, multilateralism and world peace. There is no political union in the Commonwealth, but the groups of states are regarded as equal in status. The â€Å"Head of the Commonwealth† is considered to be Queen Elizabeth II, who also is considered as reigning constitutional monarch of 16 different Commonwealth members, including Canada. In this paper I want to focus on the important historic relationship between Canada and Great Britain, and also touch on the growing relationship of Canada and the United States. Also, I want to examine what Canada might be doing in the future within the international community. Canada was a very unique member within the Commonwealth. Canada was considered to be a senior player in the Commonwealth of Nations, because until the early 1900’s it carried the title of ‘dominion’ alone. It wasn’t until the British Colonial Conference that the title of dominion was given to any other independent state. Canada was considered to be the most advanced member of the Commonwealth in terms of population and economic development, and also its relations with Britain were the most complex due to it’s geographical location with the United States. The relationship between Britain and the Canadian Dominion moved along a ‘decentralist’ path very quickly. Canada is known to be the largest member of the Commonwealth in total landmass, and its border with the United States is known to be the longest border in the world. Canada also has the fourth largest gross domestic product in the Commonwealth with a total of 1. 5 trillion dollars, and ranks ninth highest in the world. Canada ranks very well in the international rankings for education, quality of life, governmental organization, and economic freedom. Canada was first of Commonwealth Nations to participate in large economic groups such as the G7 and G8. Association With Great Britain In 1867, after Canadian delegates discussed the details of the British North America Act (BNAA) in London, the term Dominion was adopted to describe the status of Canada in the British Empire. The dominion delegates of Canada had made it obvious that they were starting to feel more independent from Britain, but even with the beginning of separation Canada still followed the parliamentary structure of Britain. After the British North America Act was adopted by Canadian officials, and was accepted in 1867 as the constitution of the Dominion, the Parliament of Canada came into existence. The Parliament of Canada was modeled exactly from the British Parliament. The Canadian Parliament was granted limited power in regards to the amending of the constitution. When Canadian parliament sought after any amendment change of the BNAA it was required that there be a ruling by British law. As stated earlier, Canada held this status solely until the Colonial Conference in 1907, which was the time when the remaining self-governing colonies also took on the status of Dominion. After the BNAA was solidified the relationship between Canada and Britain quickly began to decentralize. The Prime Minister of Britain, Arthur Balfour, stated to the British House of Commons â€Å"that these children of empire were now grown up, referring generously to ‘those self-governing Colonies of the Empire over which no office in this country has any control at all’,† (Wigley pg. 7). During the first decade of the 1900’s, Canadian government leaders formulated three questions in regards to their position in the Empire; rendering solicited assistance to the mother country of Britain, the extent of association with British defense and foreign policies, and the ways in which they and Britain would discuss imperial problems in confidence. Officials then participated in conferences in order to figure out the British-dominion affairs. The Imperial Conference of 1923 was a very important conference for the British-dominion affairs. It created debates that focused on the unified partnership between Britain and the dominions, and whether they should proceed together or independent from each other in the areas of foreign policy, defense, economic affairs, and the making of international treaties. You read "Canada Great Britain Comparison" in category "Papers" After the 1923 Imperial Conference, another conference was held in regards to the economic standings between Canada, other dominions and Britain. For both political and ideological reasons, the conference obtained a theme of independence, and there seemed to be no hidden implications for Canadian autonomy. Britain and Canada stood side by side with each other, and accepted their equality as commonwealth partners. All dominions, including Canada, felt as though their own particular conditions were required to be dealt with in the best interests of the Empire, but could be promoted by allowing for each to do with the conditions what they wished. During the 1930’s and 1940’s, Prime Minister William Mackenzie King had been working hard and successfully to obtain national unity in Canada. He felt that that Canada needed to be cautious with its foreign policy and should avoid commitments. This is why many believe that Canadian policy during this time was summed up in two words ‘no commitments’. Many thought it was best to avoid controversy and division in Canada since unity was so fresh in the minds of the Canadian people. The Canadians had become very comfortable with their autonomy, which was made very apparent at the start of World War II. For the first time, Canada had made a decision to declare war separate from Britain. The Canadian government felt that cooperating too closely with Britain at that point might negatively affect constitutional developments for Canada in later years. Throughout the 1940’s the Canadian parliament kept putting up a wall in between Canada and all other dominions and Britain. Prime Minister King would not meet with any of the dominion prime ministers or British parliament other then for personal consultations, and rejected to offer new support for the Commonwealth. One might conclude that highlight of Canadian independence had come from the interactions during World War II. Canadian Participation in The World Wars In the early years of the 1900’s, when the problems that started World War I were beginning to brew, the relations between Britain and the dominions remained in a highly unresolved state. The British Empire, even though had granted dominion independence to Canada, still relied heavily on their military support. During this time the British parliament created the Imperial War Cabinet. The purpose of the cabinet was to register the dominions’ claims as regards to their constitutional and functional place in the empire, to brief their representatives on current problems. The cabinet brought all overseas dominion and colonial government officials together during the Imperial War Conference in 1917. In 1914, Britain had declared war on Germany, and by doing so the British forces called for the Empire’s support. While many British leaders thought that there would be little participation from Canada, they were surprised to see the willingness Canada had to participate right from the start of the war. After two months from the start of the war Canada had armed around 30,000 men and sent them to Britain. In 1910, Britain had given control of Canadian Naval defense completely to the Canadian Parliament, which allowed for Canada to have completely control over navy bases located in Halifax and Esquimalt. By 1918, there were a total of 619,636 men and women who had served in the Canadian Expeditionary Force. Out of all the dominions and colonies, Canada’s contribution, for a population of less than 8 million people, was considered to be an outstanding contribution. Canada’s participation in the ar was to support its mother country of Britain, but by the time the war ended Canada had become a unified nation, proud of their achievements and sacrifices. They were ready to play a larger role in the international community. During the years after World War I, Canada and other dominions had continued to meet with the British Parliament in regards to the autonomy of their count ries. In 1939, British Parliament passed the ‘Statute of Westminster, which gave Canada and the other dominions the constitutional right to make their own decisions in all of their affairs. So when it came time to commence the Germans again in 1939, Canada was not so quick to jump up to show support. The Canadian Parliament had decided that if Canada was going to show support in the war they wanted to do so as an independent declaration. The purpose behind this later declaration of war was to formally underline Canada’s independent status. When Canada declared war the idea was to contribute mostly in the form of war materials, there was no immediate decision to secure a large army for the use overseas. The Canadian Parliament created a set of goals to do the following: Maintain defense and security of Canada including the development of the Royal Canadian Air Force and Royal Canadian Navy, provide vital food supplies to Britain, create an industrial program for weapons and ammunition, provide training courses for Allied pilots. Also, proposals for a British Commonwealth Air Training Plan was implemented in December of 1939, which allowed for the building of 65 training schools in Canada for Commonwealth countries. As in the First World War, Canada quickly sent around 23,000 untrained ground troops to Britain while Canada’s Air Force and Navy was built. In the Early 1940’s, the Royal Canadian Air Force grew substantially to around 206,000, which ended up playing a major role in the war against Germany. The Royal Canadian Navy also played a major role all around the world. The Canadian ships were helpful in operations not only in Europe but also in the Mediterranean and Pacific Ocean. Canada was applauded for keeping the lifeline to Britain open in the Atlantic. If Canada had not generously contributed men, aircraft, and ships to the battle, and if the ports of Canada and Newfoundland had not been available, the war would certainly have dragged on much longer,† (Munro pg. 60). The wars benefited Canada on an economic level, as well as a military level. Although Canada was showing signs of industrial economic growth before the wars, the growth was very slow. At the state of th e First World War, industrial and agricultural products were in great demand by the Allies, Canada gladly offered up their products. Also the wars forced the government to create wartime regulations for the economy. By the end of the Second World War the standard of living for most Canadians became higher then ever before, vastly exceeding those of other dominions in the Commonwealth. Growing Relationship With The United States During the first two decades of the 1900’s, the United States had drastically grown to become a world power. With the global emergence of the US, and the steady decline in power of Great Britain, Canada was affected more then any country in the world. The growth of a relationship between Canada and the United States seemed to be inevitable, because of the geographical location of the two. Especially since the two countries shared borders, fisheries, and natural resources, which made the relations between the US and Canada become much more solidified, and the fact that the US economy had quickly boomed was an attraction for the Canadians since the Canadian economy had a much slower start at the beginning compared to the US. A big problem that Canada faced was the fact that some of Canada’s â€Å"best and brightest† had left Canada to go to schools, and find jobs in the United States, and never returned. In 1908, the International Boundary Commission was created as a permanent organization, which was responsible for maintaining the border between the United States and Canada. This was the first important initiative noted for the beginning relationship between Canada and the US. With the solidified border came some issues that presented themselves. The fishery disputes had remained to be the biggest problem for the relations between the US and Canada, which had ended up lasting for a long period of time. Since many of the rivers flowed from Canada directly across the American border the two countries had to create regulations to try and resolve the fishing issues. So the United States, Britain, and Canada worked together to create the International Fisheries Commission, which worked to settle disputes. One very large problem had come between the two countries, and almost ruined relations between them, this was the Alaskan Boundary dispute. The two countries worked with Britain’s cooperation to come to an agreement by signing 8 treaties, which would help to â€Å"clean the slate† of long-standing quarrels. At the start of the World Wars, Canada and the US had joined forces in the defense of North America. The Canadian parliament and the US government worked together to create a joint board of defense, which would continue to grow and become useful even after the World Wars. When the wars were over, the economic boom allowed for Canada to pull itself out of a depression and allowed for closer ties to be created with the United States between the two economies. Canadians welcomed investment into Canada from the United States, which had grown immensely over the beginning of the 1900’s. It seemed that less and less British trade unions were located in Canada, but more and more US unions where popping up all around Canada. It was starting to look as though American firms were beginning to take control of the Canadian industry, but it seemed for the time being that Canadians were unconcerned with this economic control. While many Canadians began to worry about the Americanization of Canada, they still had a strong ‘craving’ for reciprocal trade between the two. During the time when Canada was awarded an independent seat in the League of Nations they urged the Americans to also join. When the US rejected Canadian leaders were disappointed. The Canadians felt as though the overall positive relationship that was had with the US was a prime example to Europe of how they should get along with each other. Canadian delegates reshaped the League by using the relationship that they had with the United States, expressing that â€Å"the world could learn from, ‘three thousand miles of undefended frontier’ between the US and Canada,† (Thompsan/Randall pg 101). After the end of World War II, the United States had complications arise with the Soviet Union, which began the Cold War. Canada became an important player in the Cold War not necessarily by choice. Canada was located directly between the two rivals of the Cold War, which made it very hard for Canada to stay neutral. Also, in 1945, Canadian public opinion was swayed against the Soviet Union when documents were defected proving a Soviet spy ring was in Canada. Shortly after this the two neighboring countries sign a plan for joint air defense known as the North American Air Defense Agreement (NORAD), which was later changed to North American Aerospace Defense Command. This combined the air defenses of the United States and Canada. The agreement brought the U. S. and Canada closer during the Cold War, because they relied on each other for detection of nuclear missiles. Even though the two countries quickly grew closer during World War II and the beginning of the Cold War their relations began to deteriorate around the time of the Vietnam War. The newly elected leaders of Canada did not feel that they could supply the support needed to the United States during the Vietnam War, and they openly expressed disagreement with American policies in Southeast Asia. Many Canadians demanded that American influence be significantly reduced. For about twenty years after the Vietnam War the relations between the two countries stay strained. It was obvious that the governments had different perceptions on international events. Finally, in the late 1980’s, Canada and the United States reached a tentative trade agreement that would change the economic relations between the two. After the agreement came into effect trade between the two grew dramatically. The United States was taking around 80% of Canada’s exports, and Canada was receiving 70% of imports from the United States. The agreement grew with the addition of Mexico in the 1990’s, which became known as the North American Free Trade Agreement, and trade between the U. S. and Canada remained high even to the present day. Now the economic relationship is known to be the largest in the world. The imports and exports between the countries still remain extremely high. Canada still remains the largest market for U. S. exports. The economies have become so intertwined that many businesses have developed internal production chains that operate back and forth across the border. It has continuously been made obvious that the relationship between the United States and Canada has continued to grow. In 2011, the two countries released the ‘Beyond the Border’ agreement. This agreement basically deals with the security perimeter on both sides of the border. After 2001, the United States tightened its border, which made the bilateral trade relationship more difficult to maintain. The agreement allows for more participation with security forces between the U. S. and Canada, and creates trusted travel of manufacturers across the border. This agreement has opened up the possibilities in the future for the United States and Canada to work closer with each other in order to harmonize rules in agricultures, food, energy, and the environment. What The Future Holds In present years, Canada has expressed great excitement in maintaining a relationship between both the United States and Britain. Current Prime Minister Stephen Harper has stated that he looks forward to working with the United States, while keeping communication with Great Britain. One has to wonder how the relations between Canada, Great Britain and the United States will progress. Currently, Canada shows no signs of letting its relationship with Great Britain deteriorate. The Canadian people understand that their relationship with Britain is deeply rooted, and that they share common history and values. In late 2012, the two leading government officials of Canada and Great Britain came together and signed a ‘Memorandum of Understanding for Enhancing Mutual Support at Missions Abroad. The signatures promote the co-locations of embassies, joint provision of services, and common crisis response. It is explained that their partnership on multiple global issues has caused the relationship between them to show an increase of strength. Canada still shows feelings of loyalty to the commonwealth, and is excited to maintain membership in it while making plans to work with Britain for future reform of the commonwealth. Canada could be considered the daughter of Great Britain who ended up marrying the United States. The relationship between the United States and Canada is also deeply rooted, and the two countries understand each other very well, because they share similar cultures, norms and values, and share an economic relationship like no other two countries in the world. Also, growing numbers of people move back and forth for education and work. Another obvious reason why the relationship seems to have no future of deterioration is the fact that the two share the worlds longest, unprotected border, and share security of the border. In years to come it seems that Canada will continue to work closely with the United States to build up its security alliance, and also reinforce the role as most trusted ally to the U. S. By doing this we would see a large focus on cooperation on trade issues, international policy and promotion of democratic norms. If this was to happen then we might see Canada address problems that they have with NAFTA, and strengthen their military relationship with the United States. Also, they might base their global relationship more on their relationship with the United States. Since the world is changing, Canada needs to protect itself and reduce the likelihood of failure. While the political powers and economy of the U. S shows signs of becoming weaker and less vigorous, Canada should create options as a backup plan. Growing countries such as China could benefit from creating an economic relationship with Canada. Realigning some of its assets and interests with new rising powers makes good economic sense. Prime Minister Harper has recently met with the Chinese president to create an agreement that would better protect Canadian businesses that might want to capitalize on their growing economy. In the coming years, it is possible that we could see Canada take some of its economic focus away from the United States, and shift it to other parts of the world to become more involved in the international community. Many are unsure of what course Canada will take into the future. The international community is always growing, and Canada has made sure to keep itself involved within the community. The future seems to hold much success for Canada as a strong economic player, whether it is to continue a close relationship with the United States or branch out and create new relationships with other strengthening countries. Bibliography: -Canada’s World, Rising Powers: Future Directions, http://www. canadasworld. ca/learnmor/ninenewr/risingpo/futuredi. 2012 -Huffington Post, Beyond The Border: Deal to Bolster Security and Reduce Trade Barriers. http://www. huffingtonpost. ca/2011/12/07/beyond-the-border-perimeter-security-canada_n_1134463. html. 2012 -Government of Canada, Canada and the United States: No Two Nations Closer, http://www. canadainternational. gc. ca/can-am/Closer-etroites. aspx? view=d. 2012 -Lain Munro, Canada And The World Wars, Wiley Publishers Toronto, 1979. Pgs 28-70. -Thompson, Randall. Canada and The United States, Georgia Press, 2008. Pgs 101-145. -Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada, Canada and the World: 1921-1939, http://www. international. gc. ca/history-histoire/world-monde/1921-1939. aspx? lang=engview=d 2011 -Peter Lyon, Britain and Canada: Survey of a Changing Relationship, London, England 1976. Pg. 141-150 – Philip Wigley, Canada and the transition to Commonwealth, Cambridge University Press, 1977. Pgs 1-20 -Andrew Porter, Britain’s Empire in 1815, How to cite Canada Great Britain Comparison, Papers

International Engineering Management †Free Samples for Students

Question: Explain International Engineering Management? Answer: Introduction TNA Pty. Ltd is the international leader in the food processing and packaging industry, which supplies solutions as well as a single system to all their customers worldwide. TNA business emphasizes on developing the innovative equipment for packaging. The consumer packaging industry is increasing or growing all over the world at the rapid pace, as economies of many countries have strengthened their buying power (Gillespie, Jeannet, and Hennessey 2009). Organized retail design and convenience packs will set the company apart. As the company is planning to expand in the various Asian market, it is important to analyse the market. To do so, five countries are selected such as India, China, Singapore, Japan, and Saudi Arabia. Benefits and challenges in these countries will be analysed so that it become easier for TNA to expand their business in these market. TNA had faced various challenges when they grew their business in different countries, which relates to lack of technical compatibility among the system of TNA and snack food packaging industry (Gillespie, Jeannet, Hennessey 2009). In this report, the best market will be selected for TNA, and by that recommendation will be provided, that relates to enhancing sales and marketing in these regions. Preliminary analysis Packing for the convenience- Big opportunities that have increased through the convenience trend is rapidly used in case of ready meals. Huge organizations having the technological strength like Uflex Ltd, retort purchase, MTR Foods, has created the high position in Indian market. The different technological development towards the ready meals in India has resulted in the development of shelf ready packs of the meal (Gillespie, Jeannet, Hennessey 2009). It is referred as the milestone of sorts, by applying the facility of the cold chain within the retail stores are again less. Through this increasing trend, the process of packaging is expected to increase through the technology ladder, like hot filling methods, a form-fill seal within the flexible packaging, and aseptic packaging. Managed retail design- through the shift in the old-fashioned retailing at small-scale to get organized at large stores, product manufacturers have tried to modernize the packs. For example, milk has changed from loosely sold towards the flexible plastic pillow packs, and currently, used as the premium liquid cartons (Gillespie, Jeannet, Hennessey 2009). Exploiting the flexibility- As the huge chunk of the Indian consumers, hold less purchasing power has continued to increase the demand for the less unit price; therefore, the small sized pack's prevalence are in the form of 1 to 10-gram sachets. It is noted that in India flexible packaging has successfully exploited on this trend, which gives them low cost (ADVANTAGE INDIA - CONSUMER GOODS PACKAGING TRENDS 2011). Disadvantages Import dependence- Around 80% of the material is mainly used in the packaging of cold type blister, and its imported. The requirement of new technology- In India, around 40% of the floriculture and horticulture is mainly wasted, due to the lack of cold chains and logistics. Nevertheless, the proper packaging can help in addressing the innovation through enhancing the shelf life of these items by modified atmosphere packaging. Mismatch of standards- BIS standards that are mainly used by the Indian packaging industry is not up to the standards set by the developed nations (ADVANTAGE INDIA - CONSUMER GOODS PACKAGING TRENDS 2011). Loss of export- Due to the relevant technology and mismatch of standard in food packaging, the export industry has suffered a lot. For instance, in the Middle East, the export of raw meat fail in earning the potential revenue, due to the lack of the services of value addition to packaging and processing (ADVANTAGE INDIA - CONSUMER GOODS PACKAGING TRENDS 2011). Malaysia Local players that continuously lead the sale of packaging- local companies hold the firm presence within the area. Packaging firms manufacture various pack types for the different categories, having few local manufacturers offering services like packaging, moulding, and labelling, to stay competitive (Malaysian Association of Standard Users 2013). The innovation of product by emphasizing over close improvement- in the year 2015, the product innovation has emphasized over close improvement. It is mainly prevalent in personal care and home care, in which enhanced closure is used for offering consumers with the safety features as well as added convenience. Demands of customers for the consistent product often drive the sales of massive pack format size are attaining momentum in the ongoing packaged food as well as beauty and personal care, in which sale hit through the sensitivity of consumer cost (Malaysian Association of Standard Users 2013). This trend was, later on, introduce around 6% of the goods and service tax in the year 2015, which drive the demand for the affordable items, Disadvantages As per the Malaysian investment development authority of 2012, the sector is highly dominated by the small and medium sized companies. Despite the key percentage as compared with the large-scale companies, they are highly insufficient in producing the logical volume of results and also face challenges in complying with the standards of food and hygiene (Talib, Ali and Idris 2013). Other emerging problems that has increased the concern is related to the food processing sector is highly efficient through the increase in overhead cost. Steps were taken for resolving the issues, food small and medium size companies primarily tend to react over the unplanned cutting of cost and even fail in viewing the significance of applying the sustainability acts in operation (Talib, Ali and Idris 2013). Failure in organizing the sustainability components like water and energy can potentially lead towards the increased overhead price of SME and come up with a negative effect on social and environment. The problems related to food hygiene as well as a lack of sustainability could be explored in the core design of the food industry. Surrounded by various issues, SME often tends towards overlooking or either ignoring the significance of referring the sustainability and hygiene at the time of designing (Talib, Ali and Idris 2013). Failure in making consideration helps in producing the factory design like various errors, which emerge as manufacturing issue, once the factory is constructed. Singapore Advantages The popularity of American convenience, as well as fast foods in the Singapore, favours the application of these existing chain system of procurement that can source the food ingredients from America. The food procedure of America are considered as the reliable source of huge volume and even hold consistent quality food items in the key food processors. American items are modern and correctly presented in the key supermarkets (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel 2010). American products are also considered as high quality. Singapore is the key regional hub for the agriculture and food re-export, mainly the processed food (Dong 2016). Disadvantages There is an increasing and ongoing trend in Singapore for the healthy eating. Whether it is justified or not, but the fast food is often related to the eating empty calories as well as junk food. In the case of meat processed food item, Singapore market face TBT, and SPS issues (Dong 2016). American food items are referred as costly, as compared with the similar type of products, from both the traditional and regional food supplying countries, such as European Union, Australia, and New Zealand. Singapore is price sensitive when the case comes to purchasing food items. The price sensitivity is offered by ASEAN countries and China for enhancing the Singapore market share (Dong 2016). The ASEAN Economic community was started in the year 2015; the primary goal is to transform the ASEAN in the single market as well as production base market for promoting the free trade movement and capital among the member state of ASEAN (Dong 2016). Singapore is the most competitive market. Competitive items are not so costly and are equally used as American products. Food ingredients coming from the regions has less cost, due to the free trade area of ASEAN (Dong 2016). The AFTA also cover common effective preferential tariff provision, for initiating the free flow of goods among member state. Japan Advantages It is predicted that the packaged food sale will continue to increase in the market of Japan, as customer continue to seek for the convenient food solutions amidst lifestyle and demographic changes. Along with this, manufacturers will also contribute towards sustaining the reduction in the category of the mature staple. Regarding sale, the largest packaged type of food in Japan is the chilled processed foods, such as chilled meats and chilled ready meals (Packaged Food Sales in Japan 2015). It also includes bakery products and dried processed foods, including instant noodle and rice. With the spread of eating habits of West among the customers, staples such as rice have continuously reduced in term of sale. It has negatively impacted the highest category within the dried processed food (Packaged Food Sales in Japan 2015). On the other side, ready to eat a meal, along with innovative, portable as well as convenient foods are creating headway. Disadvantages Japan is the third largest economy in the world after America and China. It is also considered as the important market for various global packaged food manufacturers. Along with that, Japan is considered as the fourth largest food importer of the world, which depends on other countries, for its 60% of the food (Packaged Food Sales in Japan 2015). At one side, the traditional taste and menu, primarily guide the average consumption habit of Japan, other Asian and western countries ethnic cuisine is making headway in the Japanese market. Nevertheless, high-end food, as well as beverage market of Japan, continues to come across many significant issues, which results from lasting anaemic growth of the economy and aging population (Packaged Food Sales in Japan 2015). These factors have accentuated the trends, which goes towards the healthy, functional, nutritious, as well as value for money items. Despite all these issues, consumers in Japan are interested in accepting the increased cost o f quality, convenience, and safety. The key supermarket chain within Japan is coming up with a large private label that is offering new as well as innovative food products (Packaged Food Sales in Japan 2015). Saudi Arabia Advantages The packed food market in Saudi Arabia is expected to increase by 2022, from the present position (Lee and Okos 2011). Factors that had contributed to the growth are, increase in the consumer convenience, an increase in the disposable consumer income, and change in consumer behaviour. Packaged food plays a significant role in the international food market (Saudi Arabia Canned Food Packaging Market 2017). Packaged food can be easily preserved for the months in a similar way to the actual form. Packaged food also continues to trend towards the little options in case of frozen meat and chilled food. While providing the benefits related with long shelf life as well as low price, packed food suffers from the poor perception of consumers about its quality and healthiness (Saudi Arabia Canned Food Packaging Market 2017). The food packaged at Saudi Arabia market is highly segmented according to the core material, like plastic, glass, metal and paper, and forms of the food product, like fruit s, readymade meals, seafood, and vegetables. Disadvantages Easy to use closures going good- in the context of increasing demand for the convenience, closures are providing easy resealing, closing as well as dispensing are viewing the excellent performance in Saudi Arabia. The rate of recycling is small- Due to little consumer awareness about the environmental problems in Saudi Arabia, the system of recycling is underdeveloped (Saudi Arabia Canned Food Packaging Market 2017). Huge range of pack and sizes are provided- there is a growing focus towards addressing the needs of consumers and demands in various areas of food packaging goods, and due to that consumers have become quite demanding (Aly and Baker 2013). There is an increasing emphasis on the packaging for the retailers shelf differentiation (Saudi Arabia Canned Food Packaging Market 2017). The same has resulted in various diverse trends of packaging, along with polarization of pack size that can be seen in areas like cat and dog food. Recommendation on which of these markets would provide the best option for TNA It is recommended that India and Singapore can prove to be the best market of TNA to expand its business. Below are the reasons for selecting these countries: India The Indian packaging industry is rapidly changing in the past three few years. From the time, when the items were sold mostly in losing packets, and pack closure is usually a struggle, the packaged and processing food industry has transformed, and rapidly shifted from losing towards the packaged food, and has even seen tremendous improvement in the quality of pack (Alam 2010). The increase in the income of consumers is also considered as the primary enabler, that has helped in empowering afford, as too costly, but with the high quality of the products. India has 393 billion containers, and the packaging market is also huge, which is calculated to present around 10% of the international market, in the context of unit volume (Heneghan 2016). It is also considered as one of the highest growing markets all over the world, which has increased by 11% between the years 2005-2010. India also enjoys flexible packaging, which is followed by the great packs of rigid plastic, paper, and glass. L iquid cartons and metals are relatively in less quantity and have viewed a rapid growth in past few years (Zain, Anas, Hassan, Lehar and Shamsuddin 2012). Singapore The retail sale value for the packaged food has increased up to 3% in 2016 that has also slightly reduced as compared with the average review period. Even the slowdown is attributed towards the growing maturity of packaged food goods in Singapore. However, the wellness and healthy packaged food have to continue towards the robust present value growth, and these efforts are made by health promotion board for initiating the healthy lifestyle and healthy eating. These efforts include the suggestions for consumers to minimize the intake of sugar (Shamsudin, Yodfiatfinda, Mohamed, Yusop and Radam 2011). Food packed market has also come up with reduced fat packaged items, and the same will reduce the fat milk, with around 47% of the value share in the year 2016. Providing semi skimmed and fat-free milk, Singapore is quite famous for offering health food packaged. Even there is a high awareness about food packaging, and high-quality products are provided to the customers. These products are available in the major supermarkets as well as hypermarkets (Smith 2011). TNA has an advantage in these markets, as they can even offer attractive offers to the customers. These factors have also increased the retail sales value in Singapore (McDonald 2012). It is expected that the packaged food will increase up to 3% CAGR in 2017, and it is forecasted that the sales will increase in 2021. In both the markets, the growth will be stable. The synergy among the health promotional board yearly campaign for promoting a healthy lifestyle and the drive from producers to continue to achieve symbol of healthier choice will make sure that stable growth is attained in all categories of food packaging industry (Shankar, Carpenter and Farley 2012). Actions for improving sales and marketing in those countries Singapore The marketing strategy of TNA helps the company in providing information about the ongoing changes happening in different components of companys business environment (Schermerhorn 2009). It also facilitates, the organization in entering the market of Singapore, which will support in attaining the goals of the company in both effective as well as efficient way. The marketing strategy of TNA will cover up few important features like: The new variety of the products will aim towards providing high quality as well as low-fat items so that customers can experience the high level of energy. TNA will also enhance the product and service sales by 10% in the coming years, by mainly emphasizing over working professionals, who are between the ages of 24-35 years (Russell 2010). TNA will also develop the focused customer plan in the next few months, for the purpose of increasing the brand image and increase the margin of sale. TNA will also spread the awareness about its products by health advertisements along with the active promotion (Russell 2010). TNA will also create the schemes and strategies, which could be implemented for improving the profit margin in the Singapore emerging market by 7% in the coming years. TNA will also enhance the acceptance of packaged products for female customers, which can make the energetic and enthusiastic (Russell 2010). India The food packaged marketing world in healthy and sanitized. Various brands like Real, Saint, Minute Maid, etc. has taken the western code like breakfast, purity, physical fitness and compensation. TNA in India will target the westernized, affluent audiences, for whom healthy lifestyle is essential (Reid and Bojanic 2009). Risk associated with these two potential markets In India huge part of floriculture and horticulture is mainly wasted, due to the lack of cold chains and logistics. Nevertheless, the proper packaging can help in addressing the innovation through enhancing the shelf life of these items by modified atmosphere packaging. BIS standards that are mainly used by the Indian packaging industry is not up to the standards set by the developed nations. Due to the relevant technology and mismatch of standard in food packaging, the export industry has suffered a lot. There is an increasing and ongoing trend in Singapore for the healthy eating (Peng 2012). Whether it is justified or not, but the fast food is often related to the eating empty calories as well as junk food. Singapore is price sensitive when the case comes to purchasing food items. Singapore is the most competitive market. Competitive items are not so costly and are equally used as American products. Food ingredients coming from the regions has less cost, due to the free trade area of ASEAN (Marich 2009). The AFTA also cover common effective preferential tariff provision, for initiating the free flow of goods among member state (Martinez and Wolverton 2009). Conclusion Benefits and challenges related to five Asian countries is analysed in the report, so that it become easier for TNA to expand their business in these market. TNA had faced various challenges when they grew their business in different countries, which relates to lack of technical compatibility among the system of TNA and snack food packaging industry. In this report recommendation is provided, that relates to enhancing sales and marketing in these regions. References ADVANTAGE INDIA - CONSUMER GOODS PACKAGING TRENDS. 2011. [Online]. Available at: https://www.iom3.org/packaging-professional-magazine/news/2011/may/22/advantage-india-consumer-goods-packaging-trends [Accessed on: 13th May 2017]. Alam, S. S. 2010. Assessing Barriers of Growth of Food Processing SMIs in Malaysia: A Factor Analysis. International Business Research, 4(1), pp. 252-259. Aly, A.A., and Baker, C.G.J. 2013. Productivity Issues: Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, in Handbook of Food factory Design. In: Baker, C.G.J. (Ed.). New York: Springer Dong, J. 2016. Singapore Food Processing Ingredients. [Online]. Available at: https://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/Food%20Processing%20Ingredients_Singapore_Singapore_12-9-2016.pdf [Accessed on: 13th May 2017] Gillespie, Jeannet, Hennessey. 2009. Global Marketing, 2009 Ed. Wiley India Pvt. Limited. Heneghan, C. 2016. 8 major challenges facing the food and beverage industry in 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://www.fooddive.com/news/8-major-challenges-facing-the-food-and-beverage-industry-in-2016/411408/ [Accessed on: 13th May 2017] Lamb, C.W., Hair, J.F. and McDaniel, C.D. 2010. Essentials of Marketing. Cengage Learning. Lee, W., and Okos, M. R. 2011. Sustainable Food Processing Systems-path to a Zero Discharge: Reduction of Water, Waste and Energy. Procedia Food Science, 1, pp. 1768-1777. Malaysian Association of Standard Users. 2013. Consumer Complaints- Feedback to Improve Food Safety Standards. Standard Users, 1(1), pp. 24 Marich, R. 2009. Marketing to Moviegoers: A Handbook of Strategies and Tactics. SIU Press. Martinez, M. and Wolverton, M. 2009. Innovative strategy making in higher education. IAP. McDonald, M. 2012. Market Segmentation: How to Do It and How to Profit from It. John Wiley Sons. Packaged Food Sales in Japan. 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www5.agr.gc.ca/resources/prod/Internet-Internet/MISB-DGSIM/ATS-SEA/PDF/6609-eng.pdf [Accessed on: 13th May 2017] Peng, M.W. 2012. Global Strategy. Cengage Learning. Reid, R.D. and Bojanic, D.C. 2009. Hospitality marketing management. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Russell, E. 2010. The Fundamentals of Marketing. AVA Publishing. Saudi Arabia Canned Food Packaging Market. 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/saudi-arabia-canned-food-packaging-market [Accessed on: 13th May 2017] Schermerhorn, J.R. 2009. Exploring Management. John Wiley Sons. Shamsudin, M.N., Yodfiatfinda, Mohamed, Z.A., Yusop, Z., and Radam, A. 2011. Evaluation of Market Competitiveness of SMEs in the Malaysian Food Processing Industry. Journal of Agribusiness Marketing, 4, pp. 1-20. Shankar, V., Carpenter, G.S. and Farley, J. 2012. Handbook of Marketing Strategy. Edward Elgar Publishing. Smith, T. 2011. Pricing strategy: setting price levels, managing price discounts and establishing price structures. USA: Cengage Learning. Talib, H.H.A., Ali, K.A.M., and Idris, F. 2013. Quality Management Framework for the SME's Food Processing Industry in Malaysia. International Food Research Journal, 20(1), pp. 147-164 Zain, Z.M., Anas, Y., Hassan, F.H., Lehar, H., and Shamsuddin, S. 2012. Challenges, Opportunities and Performance of Bumiputera Smes in the Food Industry: A Malaysian Perspective. IEEE Innovation Management and Technology Research International Conference 722-726.

Alexander meets with theatre professionals at forum Essay Example For Students

Alexander meets with theatre professionals at forum Essay Artistic health, institutional stability and the role of the federal government were the subjects of a Nov. 29 forum hosted by TCG at New York University, convened to enable theatre artists and managers to share their concerns about the current state of the field with newly appointed NEA chairman Jane Alexander. TCG executive director Peter Zeisler welcomed Alexander and stated his belief that the appointment of an artist to head the NEA is an unprecedented opportunity for her office to become a bully pulpit for the arts. Im new at this job, and Im here to learn, Alexander told the group. Im in a grace period right now, but this particular time of trouble is not over. Im dedicated to helping the theatre in any way we at the Endowment possibly can, but with dwindling funds we will have to be as creative as possible. TCG president Zelda Fichandler, who is artistic director of the Acting Company and director of the graduate acting program at NYUs Tisch School of the Arts, noted that the nature were holding the mirror up to has a side so dark there is fear attached to itand the pervading atmosphere in our society is sometimes hard to look at when it is reflected in our art. Among the concerns voiced by participants were the increasing demands on theatres to take responsibility for expanded programs that divert them from their missions; the lack of reserves to see theatres through hard times; the loss of general operating support; the need to improve artist compensation; and the necessity to develop new audiences. The arts have lost so much value in this society, and I dont know how were going to regain it, commented Tom Hall, managing director of Old Globe Theatre of San Diego, cautioning that if we redefine ourselves too often, well no longer have the ability to lead society. TCG vice president Ricardo Khan, artistic director of New Brunswick, N.J.s Crossroads Theatre Company, emphasized his belief in a brighter future for the theatre. When we are with colleagues, we rejuvenate each other, he said, but we are sometimes divided aesthetically, generationally, raciallyand I am anxious to see us all pull it back together again. Director Lloyd Richards echoed Khans optimism: You may be depressed the second time around but by the third time you get optimisticjust by virtue of being around. Our institutions change but the art form remains the same. Were dealing with something that can never be replacedlive communication. We cannot expect the NEA to be what it was 30 years ago; the theatres, too, have to reexamine. But the art is there. Were artists before everything, and thats what really matters, said Rene Buch, artistic director of New Yorks Repertorio Espanol, but I dread that we will become extremely good at selling doughnuts. Playwright Tony Kushner pressed for buckets more money for the arts. It is important for people in positions of stewardship not to accept less money without making a lot of noise about it, he contended. Our art is pure but our weaponry has to be as sophisticated and vulgar as the opposition, agreed George C. Wolfe, artistic director of the New York Shakespeare Festival, arguing for continued arts advocacy. Theatre is one of the few places we go and listen to another point of view. Considerable discussion centered on concerns about private funding. Some participants noted an increasing tendency for foundations and corporations to act as artistic directorsasking to read scripts, pick plays and develop programs. You can experience death by guidelines, formulating programs for funding, while there is no support for the body of your work, said Fichandler, Its no longer about six plays for the price of four, its about what will you underwrite that we can do?' .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d , .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d .postImageUrl , .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d , .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d:hover , .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d:visited , .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d:active { border:0!important; } .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d:active , .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubdb0eeac103a2d588ad5ac3d12c5480d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: National Theatre Production Analysis EssayGeneral operating support is absolutely vital, stressed Mary Schmidt Campbell, dean of the Tisch School.We get trapped by funding agencies and what they consider to be in vogue, forgetting about what its really all about, agreed Richards. The NEA can be the place that keeps the standards there. We have to make sure artists are on the NEA agenda, urged Hall, noting that theatres are being asked to fill so many needs at once that the money is coming out of the pockets of artists and going into community programs. Were growing horizontally, he said, and the priority previously placed upon compensation of artists by the Endowment seems to be gone. Participants offered suggestions of ways the NEA panel and application processes might be improved, and called for clarification of NEA policies. I hope that the NEA will demand high standards and a reevaluation of what art stands for said director Anne Bogart. We will be seen in the future by what we have created, and if theres any good argument for government support that is it. Alexander expressed her gratitude to the participants and stated that she is committed to turning the image of the agency around. She outlined some of her priorities, including embarking on a tour of all 50 states; recruiting members of the National Council on the Arts to serve as spokesmen; providing information about NEA grants to congressional offices; reaching out to the media; and developing opportunities for President Clinton to speak about the arts.