Adoption of Biometric System to Control ATM fraud Essay

Selection of Biometric System to Control ATM extortion - Essay Example Anticipating got notification from you and band together with you in giving business arrangements that offer an incentive to your clients. Yours steadfastly, Head of Business Security Systems Practical proposition about ATM misrepresentation Introduction Fraud endeavors focusing on Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) cards are on the ascent. Skimming is one of the methods utilized by crooks for this situation where they output or duplicate individual data from the attractive portion of a Mastercard or ATM card. With this data, all the fraudsters need is phony ATMs and utilize the Personal Identification Number (PIN) to get to one’s financial balance and dupe clients. This has gone to the degree of bank-claimed ATMs with the ongoing level of this crime going as high as 24% in Europe (Abagnale 89). The demonstration is regularly executed by techno-insightful people, where they utilize a microchip fixed at an ATM or cardholders which duplicates data from the attractive strip for all the cards that are being utilized on a given machine. The data is then replicated and imprinted on counterfeit cards. This has driven nations like Canada to receive more security for their ATM cards. A run of the mill model is the utilization of chip-and-PIN platinum cards which have more assurance as an additional layer of chip material. Cards created through this innovation are difficult to duplicate consequently decreased misfortunes because of card skimming (Bianchini et al., 233). Business exchanges world over are progressively being settled utilizing cards rather than money based repayments and in this manner, without grasping imaginative advancements that plan to forestall extortion than location, card guarantors and clients will stay defenseless. As utilization of cards increments, so are ATM Fraudsters. Most card guarantors principally banks keep on causing immense expenses in wording pay, card substitution, and cost of putting resources into misrepresentation counteractio n and location instrument. In this manner, there is a requirement for card guarantors to be on top of things by enhancing and receiving far close to extortion confirmation innovations (Newman, 3-4). Proposed Solution Since the chip-and-PIN isn't idiot proof, we have to utilize the utilization of progressively advanced advances. One such innovation that has stood the trial of time is the biometric innovation, which includes robotized recognizable proof and information catch (AIDC). The framework has robotized strategies for confirming the personality of people utilizing physiological credits rather than the chip and PIN, which includes manual entering in of data on a console. Typically, the innovation works by catching the physiological or conduct attributes just because which is then put away in a focal database. Data recorded may incorporate facial properties or fingerprints. Each time a client gets to a state of administrations, introduced gadgets catches, checks and recognizes th e individual and afterward gives them get to. Since it is practically difficult to imitate one’s physiological qualities, this innovation is more prescribed to card guarantors. The innovation has been tried in both private and open establishments with wonderful achievement. Actually, most associations are currently moving towards appropriation of this technology.â

Advertising Strongly Persuasive or Nudging. Loyal and Switcher Customers

Promoting might be both unequivocally enticing and bumping, contingent upon the picked crowd and the fundamental thought another publicizing effort needs to execute. Promoting is a methodology which applies to customers’ emotions.Advertising We will compose a custom evaluation test on Advertising: Strongly Persuasive or Nudging. Faithful and Switcher Customers explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is convincing when it is aimed at the switchers, individuals who either have never utilized the results of a particular organization, or who don't utilize it continually. A similar promoting effort might be prodding for the individuals who have been utilizing the results of the organization continually. Clearly two various types of clients, loyals and switchers, ought to be impacted by methods for promoting in two unique manners. The exploration led in the circle of client disposition to various brands with the reason to comprehend companies’ cost limited t ime choices has permitted us to make various significant ends. Most importantly, when brands have high number of steadfast clients, they offer high scope of cost and higher ordinary cost. Second, in the event that when various switchers are low, the solid brands utilize higher normal relative profundity and the other way around. Third, having low client reliability, brands attempt to advance their items progressively visit (Jing Wen 2008). Portions of Loyal Customers It will be right to state that most clients are multibrand purchasers, however, simultaneously, it has been seen that numerous individuals guarantee that they purchase the results of a particular brand. On the off chance that to consider the dedicated customers’ division from the time point of view, it tends to be expressed that practically all seem, by all accounts, to be 100% loyals in a week and even in a month. About 10% stay 100% loyals in a year time point of view (Barnard Ehrenberg 1997, p. 3). Considering loyals’ division, we should contact the issue of devotion conceptualization. Clients become faithful in three reasons, (1) positive essential demeanor, (2) uncovered conduct, and (3) buy circumstance (Uncles, Dowling Hammond 2003, p. 295). Fragment of Switcher Customers Switcher customers’ division is a troublesome undertaking, there is no reasonable writing proof which shows that such division is foundational, still, it is conceivable to make three distinctive subsegments which make switchers segmentation.Advertising Looking for evaluation on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Deal sensitives. Individuals who purchase various things without being devoted to a particular name. Value sensitives. Cost is the primary movement for picking a thing. Changing starting with one brand then onto the next, clients simply attempt to purchase the thing they can manage. Private marks. Purchasing priva te marks, these individuals despite everything utilize fabricated items without separating brand names because of their insignificance for them (Barnard Ehrenberg 1997). Reference List Barnard, N Ehrenberg, ASC 1997, ‘Advertising: Strongly powerful or nudging?’, Journal of Advertising Research, January/February, pp. 1-10. Jing, B, Wen, Z 2008, ‘Finitely faithful clients, switchers, and harmony cost promotion’, Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 17, 3, pp. 683-707. Uncles, MD, Dowling, GR Hammond, K 2003, ‘Customer reliability and client devotion programs’, Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 294-316. This appraisal on Advertising: Strongly Persuasive or Nudging. Steadfast and Switcher Customers was composed and put together by client Haylie Olson to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; notwithstanding, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Canadas Soldiers essays

Canada's Soldiers articles In spite of Canada's undeniable inconvenience given it's sizen just as the young and inability of it's troopers, Canada was consequently gone into worldwide clash close by the British in 1914. The given conditions lead to more than 60,000 passings all through the course world war one. Youthful Canadians were romanticized by the great and audacious picture of war painted by the British and Canadian Governments through war propaghanda. English Soldiers were viewed as more importnant the War exertion than the lives of Canadians and because of this youthful unpracticed Canadians skewered headed most significant British tasks and were yielded to ensure British warriors saved for later in the fights. After the incredible war had delayed for over two years, Britain sought her Empire for troops for the combat zone. Most nations like Canada had sent volunteers, anyway the interest for troopers far exceeded the deliberate aggregates. The Canadian parliament discussed embracing enrollment, and the master Empire assessment in English Canada was solid and on the side of induction. Anyway there was a solid development in Quebec against induction given the Contribution Quebec had all prepared given to WW1. ... <!

Internal and External Constraints Affecting Top Gear plc Essay

In this assignment I will talk about the numerous challenges confronting Top Gear plc and the inside and outer requirements that may influence the organization. I will likewise incorporate imperatives that the Personnel Manager should remember when he is planning work ads, and, use guides to show how these limitations will influence the leaders of Top Gear plc. I will examine inside imperatives first and later proceed to talk about the outer requirements that influence both Top Gear plc and the Personnel Manager. While setting up an occupation notice the Personnel Manager should take a gander at a few interior imperatives before hand. One thing the Personnel Manager may do is check there is really a vocation for another worker or that another representative is required. There is no reason for enlisting more representatives if there are as of now adequate representatives to do the measure of work that should be finished. He will likewise need to take a gander at the installment of new workers. The Personnel Manager should talk about this with the chief of the office hoping to enroll new workers, or whichever division is paying for the newcomers, and see whether their financial plan can bear to pay for a newcomer. Another territory the Personnel Manager would need to consider is whether the organization can oblige new workers. For instance if the activity required an office to work from, and Top Gear plc didn’t have any workplaces remaining, they would be not able to oblige another worker. Likewise the organization might be required to have parking spots for every individual employee’s. Likewise the Personnel Manager would need to look at if there are sufficient assets for a newcomer to complete the activity they have been employed for. In the event that Top Gear plc employed somebody to make conveyances, and afterward discovered they needed more vehicles for the newcomer and existing staff, they would be paying for somebody who was sitting idle. The Personnel Manager would likewise need to consider, if there were a lacking measure of assets, regardless of whether it would be cost-full of feeling to purchase a greater amount of the necessary assets or whether it is less expensive to not enroll any new representatives. Another limitation might be that the organization utilizes an expert sort of gear or programming bundle and the Personnel Manager would need to incorporate this as a component of the activity commercial. For instance, Top Gear plc may utilize a specific illustrations bundle when structuring new garments, thus, new workers engaged with the plan branch of Top Gear plc would need to have the option to utilize that specific designs bundle. In the event that they couldn't utilize the illustrations bundle, at that point they would require preparing and this would cost more cash, and, if Top Gear plc was just hoping to enroll one worker it might be viewed as an exercise in futility and cash to prepare one individual representative. Inner requirements likewise influence different territories of the organization. One occasion in which the chiefs of Top Gear plc will need to bring interior limitations into intense thought will be the point at which they put their concept of acquainting a site with the organization into training. Top Gear plc should select new individuals and purchase new hardware to utilize and keep up the new site and different things related with the presentation of the site, for example, more vehicles for the normal additional conveyances. Additionally newcomers, and current representatives, on the off chance that they are to be utilized, should have the correct aptitudes and capabilities required to make the new site work. These are only a couple of the interior requirements that would almost certainly influence an organization, for example, Top Gear plc. There are additionally numerous outer limitations influencing organizations, for example, Top Gear plc. While setting up work notice the Personnel Manager will likewise need to contemplate a few of these. A portion of the significant imperatives that should be centered around are remembered for Employment Legislation. Such enactment incorporates Acts, for example, the Health and Safety at Work Act, Race Relations Act, Equal Pay Act and the Sex Discrimination Act. These imply that the Personnel Manager can't be either misogynist or bigot in his commercial and that he should be cautious that he doesn’t coincidentally produce an advert containing whatever could be deciphered just as he was being supremacist or chauvinist or segregate to other such people as crippled individuals. The Personnel Manager must ensure the installment for the activity is reasonable else he is conflicting with the Equal Pay Act. In the event that one individual is being paid à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½500 every month in Top Gear plc and an occupation opening shows up for somebody to do a similar activity for just à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½400 this would be out of line to the new worker. It is far-fetched a worker would work for less cash than somebody doing likewise work and would be an ill-conceived notion to pay them less as Top Gear plc would stumble into difficulty and would before long wind up with one less representative and another opening. Nature were the organization is based will likewise have an effect on the organization. In the event that Top Gear plc were situated in a region with high business, for example, London, the odds of getting a high talented laborer for a low installment are very thin as there will most likely be numerous different occupations that are happy to pay more to have exceptionally gifted representatives, so the Personnel Manager should mull over this when choosing and distributing the sum which the activity will pay. On the off chance that the opportunity requires new workplaces to be manufactured, or an extension of industrial facility space, Top Gear plc should stick to neighborhood government arranging guidelines and may likewise bother some nearby ecological weight bunches which will attempt to stop the new structures being constructed. The Directors, just as the Personnel Manager, would need to choose whether it merits having new structures, or current structures expanded, and whether the chance of causing nearby constrain gatherings to make a move against the organization is likely. Top Gear plc need to have a decent notoriety. On the off chance that natural weight bunches make a move against the organization it will ruin Top Gear plc’s notoriety and development would be eased back if not totally halted as the individuals whine about the organization. Other weight gatherings will likewise be considered in choices of the organization, for example, Trade Unions and Consumer Groups. Top Gear plc won't need Trade Unions making a move against them so they will presumably utilize individuals to ensure the workplace is as protected and as reasonable as could be expected under the circumstances with the goal that Trade Unions are cheerful. Buyer Pressure gatherings will likewise be mulled over thus Top Gear plc will put forth a valiant effort to ensure items comply with Consumer Legislation, for example, the Trade Descriptions Act, Sale of Goods Act and the Weights and Measures Act. This implies products sold by Top Gear plc must be as depicted, be liberated from any deformities, be of a tolerable merchantable quality and must be the right estimation named on them. The Finance division additionally have certain outside imperatives, for example, Taxes. There are many duties including organization duty and VAT. Top Gear plc needs to pay these expenses on the benefit they make, the things they purchase, for example, hardware, vehicles and so on. Top Gear plc can guarantee VAT once again from customs and extract. The Finance office will likewise need to take trade rates and financing costs into thought when purchasing or selling things abroad or when taking out advances or other such borrowings. A major outer requirement is rivalry. The Personnel Manager may need to consider while setting up an occupation ad as though a contending organization additionally have an opportunity for a comparable employment they may attempt to cause their business to appear to be increasingly alluring by offering better installment, better rewards or other such things. The Personnel Manager may consider and attempt to make the activity sound as fascinating as could be expected under the circumstances. Rivalry will likewise influence the costs Top Gear plc sells its items at and might be the reason at a decrease in costs as Top Gear plc are contending to have a greater number of clients than different organizations. In end there are numerous kinds of inside and outer imperatives that influence any organization particularly one like Top Gear plc. The Personnel Manager will have numerous limitations to consider while getting ready for the ad and must ponder what is incorporated inside his last notice. The executives of Top Gear plc, who are the fundamental leaders, will likewise expected to put a great deal of thought toward outer imperatives additionally as an inappropriate choices could mean fiasco for the organization.

Commercial Contracts Under Nigerian Legislation

Business CONTRACTS UNDER NIGERIAN LEGISLATION Introduction An agreement is an understanding which is legitimately authoritative on the gatherings to it and which whenever broken might be upheld by activity in court against the gathering that has broken it. An agreement might be void or voidable. A void agreement is what comes up short on the fundamental fixings or components of legitimate agreement and along these lines of no lawful impact. A voidable agreement is what is substantial in any case however might be finished at the occurrence of one of the gatherings to it.Such contracts incorporate assurance with a bank of cash moneylender, recruit buy and deal or renting of land. The legitimate results of resistance are that they are not enforceable at law however they are not really void. Notwithstanding, a few classes of agreements should of need be recorded as a hard copy or probably they will be void completely. These incorporate exchange of offers, marine protection and recruit bu y understandings. When in doubt additionally, all agreements are in the idea of understanding: be that as it may, not all understandings may comprise an agreement appropriately so called.For occasion, an understanding for the offer of a package of land is planned to be official and enforceable at law, though, a solicitation to a lunch meeting which all things considered, didn't hold may not be enforceable at the suit of the disillusioned party. An agreement may likewise be under-seal or by deed and might be basic or oral. It might be express when it is composed or suggested when it is deduced from the lead and demonstrations of the gatherings. Likewise, there can be two-sided contract between two gatherings or multi-sidelong agreement among parties relying upon the idea of commitments to be performed under the agreement.Condition and guarantee are the two essential kinds of express terms in an agreement. Regardless of whether a term is a condition or guarantee relies upon the expect ation of the gatherings. A condition is an imperative term which goes to the foundation of the agreement. Break of a condition qualifies the blameless party for deny the agreement and to guarantee harms. A guarantee is a term which is auxiliary to the primary reason for the agreement, penetrate of which just qualifies the guiltless party for harms. Development OF A VALID CONTRACT The principle necessities of a legitimate agreement are as per the following: 1. there must be an offer; . there must be an acknowledgment; 3. there must be thought; 4. parties must have full legally binding limit; 5. there must be an aim to make lawful relations; 6. object of the agreement must not be unlawful nor illicit; 7. endorsed customs must be followed, for instance, it ought to be recorded as a hard copy or by deed. Types of Contract upheld by thought are basically expected to be recorded as a hard copy,. It is anyway critical to take note of that an agreement may likewise be oral or suggested but then be official on the gatherings relying upon the unconventional circumstances.The certainty remains that an agreement may not be taken as being invalid or unenforceable for the minor actuality that it isn't in a composed structure. Te court would ordinarily not help any individual who was attracted into an oral understanding. Composing simply encourages the understanding or demonstrating of the details of the agreement excepting which it may not be such essential. In thinking about business contracts under Nigerian enactment be that as it may, we would assess three of such agreements which are: ? recruit buy; ?offer of products; ?office. Office CONTRACT IntroductionAgency is a relationship that exists between two people, one of whom explicitly or impliedly concurs that the other ought to speak to him or follow up for his benefit. The one that is spoken to is known as the head while the individual speaking to or following up for somebody’s benefit is called Agent. Organizat ion relationship includes the assent of the operator and the chief that one should represent the other. It consequently emerges from an agreement or understandings express or suggested. Ofodile v. Chinwuba Generally, the relationship of head and specialist may emerge in three fundamental manners: 1.By understanding , whether legally binding or not express or inferred in nature 2. By resulting approval by the head of the agent’s demonstration done for his sake, and 3. By activity of law under the tenet of need Whether or not an office relationship exists would to a great extent rely upon the genuine idea of the understanding and the conditions of the connection between the head and the specialist. In another vein, the law of organization comprises of the law of the business and the utilized, where the work comprises of carrying the business into legally binding relationship with the third party.This relationship is essentially alluded to as â€Å"The Master and Servant† relationship under the work law and for which there is a vicarious obligation. An operator ought to be recognized for a self employed entity. A self employed entity is the individual who haggles with the outsider for his own sake. An autonomous contactor is an individual obligated to give contract for administration while and specialist or worker renders agreement of administration. A self employed entity is by and by subject at law for his activities. A specialist isn't a trustee of the merchandise in his consideration not being the lawful owner.The degree or extent of the Agent’s circumspection is controlled by his principal’s directions. Legitimate title consistently stays in the head. An operator can along these lines not give great title without anyone else. Order OF AGENCY a. Specialist: This is somebody who has position to do some specific follow up in the interest of his head however not a ceaseless premise; for example, an extraordinary request to buy a house or a vehicle. b. General Agent: this is somebody who has capacity to represent his head in all issues including business or exchange, for instance a specialist or legitimate expert. . A Factor Agent: He is a specialist who sells or discards merchandise that are depended to him. His exercises are represented by the Factors Act 1889 (UK d. Specialist Agent: He haggles advertisement makes contract for the deal and acquisition of merchandise. Anyway not at all like a factor he isn't left possessing the merchandise. Run of the mill model is protection Brokers and Stock Brokers. e. All inclusive Agent: This is somebody who speaks to different principals in numerous parts of exchange. He is designated by a Deed under Power of Attorney and has wide powers. f.Mercantile Agent: He speaks to somebody in business and certain parts of exchange. Their obligations are pretty much like those of the factor specialist g. Salesperson: He speaks to a head in the removal of genuine properties. They are normally authorized to sell properties of Mortgagors who have defaulted in installment. Salesperson acts between the Vendor and the buyer. He gets commission and constantly offers to the most elevated bidder. h. Domain Agent: These arrangement in the securing of, valuation of a removal of properties i.Del-Credere Agent: This is a commercial operator who, regarding additional compensation, that is del-credere commission assurances to his central that the outsider with whom he goes into contract for the benefit of the chief will appropriately pay the total getting due under the agreement. As a result a del credere operator is a guarantee of the individual with whom he bargains. This is only a type of assurance which may not really be recorded as a hard copy so as to be enforceable at law. Making OF AGENCY It might be made in two expansive manners specifically: (a)Expressly and (b) impliedly a. Express Creation: . By deed †this includes giving an expert recorded as a hard copy wi th the important guidance and authentication provisos. That is guaranteed. This procedure is known as the conceding a Power of Attorney. 2. Oral guidance †This is office by arrangement, it manages express authorisation of the head to the operator to represent him b. Suggested Creation 1. Organization of need †This is made by demonstration of individual who regularly had no position however was constrained to sensible act to ensure the enthusiasm of the outsider particularly during a crisis circumstance. 2.Agency by Estoppel: †This is a sort of organization that can be gathered structure the lead of the gatherings. In the event that the circumstance that exists proposes that gatherings need to make an organization relationship, both of the gatherings is halted structure precluding the presence from claiming such a relationship. 3. Obvious Agency †This happens where a chief has not played it safe to forestall a circumstance where someone depicts himself as having c apacity to go about as his specialist. 4. Organization by endorsement †This happens where the chief having full information on the reality, acknowledges the advantages of the agreement went into by his obvious agent.Any act whether legitimate or unlawful might be approved given it isn't void. In the event that it is voidable it is as yet fit for being approved as long as it is legitimate. In Brook v. Niche where an operator manufactured his principal’s signature on a promissory note; it was held that the endeavor at sanction was void. The chief must have limit as at the date of the agreement. In Kelner v. Baxter where an advertiser attempted to endorse some pre-consolidation contracts it was held that he was unable to prevail as the agreements originated before the organization.

Getting Back to Normal

Getting Back to Normal It has been a rough couple of weeks in Boston and at MIT.   Wednesdays memorial service for Officer Collier has helped us to heal.   And tonight, well take another step in getting back to normal. Tonight is the annual MIT Spring Concert.   Every April, students bring a major musical act to campus for a huge concert. Going back half a century, the MIT Spring Concert has hosted some of the biggest bands ever, including the Grateful Dead, the Beach Boys, Aerosmith, R.E.M., and more. This years headliner is Macklemore.   You know, this guy: The concert will be in MITs Johnson Athletic Center.   The band Ra Ra Riot will open the show. While the Spring Concert is not the only venue for major bands on campus (e.g. Nirvana played at the annual Steer Roast in 1990), it has quite a list of bands that have played it: 2013: Macklemore and Ryan Lewis / Ra Ra Riot 2012: The All-American Rejects 2011: Jason Derülo / Janelle Monáe 2010: N.E.R.D. / Super Mash Bros. 2009: Ben Folds / Sara Bareilles 2008: Third Eye Blind / Howie Day 2007: Ying Yang Twins / Ozomatli 2006: CAKE / matt pond PA. 2005: Fabolous / Lloyd Banks 2004: Live / Slick Rick 2003: Jurassic 5 / OK Go 2002: Sugar Ray / Spin Doctors 2001: The Roots / Blues Traveller 2000: They Might Be Giants / Reel Big Fish 1999: Busta Rhymes 1998: Maceo Parker / Fishbone / Five Fingers of Funk 1997: Battle of the Bands (no headliner) 1996: Soul Coughing 1995: Sonic Youth 1994: Belly 1993: They Might Be Giants 1992: Violent Femmes 1991: Jesus Jones 1990: Psychedelic Furs 1989: ‘til tuesday 1987: Squeeze 1986: Ministry / Face to Face 1985: R.E.M. 1984: Cheap Trick / til tuesday 1983: The Tubes 1982: The Ramones 1980: Battle of the Bands (no headliner) 1977: Aztec Two-Step 1976: Don McLean 1975: The James Montgomery Blues Band 1974: Aerosmith 1973: Sha-Na-Na 1971: Chuck Berry 1970: The Grateful Dead 1969: Janis Joplin / Dave van Ronk / Chuck Berry / Julie Driscoll 1968: Jefferson Airplane 1967: The Brothers Four 1966: The Beach Boys 1965: The Rooftop Singers 1964: Maynard Ferguson 1962: Dakota Staton 1962: The Four Preps So, heres looking forward to a great concert and a great night at MIT.

Test Prep 101 Guide to the ACT English Section

Here’s What Students Need to Know About the ACT English Section By Master Tutor Are you preparing for the ACT this summer? Understanding the exam’s content, format, and strategies to maximize your performance on test day is important in order to make the most of your test prep and, in the end, reach your goal score. In my previous series I broke down each section of the SAT, including what to expect and what students can do to improve their performance on each of those sections. I will now do the same with the ACT, starting with the ACT English section. Overview The ACT English section layout has been innovative and influential in how the section tests for grammar, usage, and rhetorical skills, designed to imitate the sort of reading, writing, and revision work that students would be familiar with from school. The most distinctive aspect of the ACT English section is its two column flowing design, with the reading passage on the left and questions on the right. The following is an excerpt from a previously administered ACT test: The passage moves from top to bottom on the left and the questions on the right, with both sentences and corresponding questions aligned horizontally. The English section’s two-column format allows for a wide range of test questions such as punctuation, subject-verb agreement, word usage, idioms, redundancy, concision, or conventional style. Timing and Questions The English section’s two-column format can be a big help for many students, as it does mimic the sort of revision and composition skills honed in school. However, it can also be a source of anxiety for many test-takers because the section is composed of 75 questions in 45 minutes. Time is in very short supply, so it is all the more important that a student knows exactly what different sort of questions to expect, to be well used to reading them, and to have had enough practice with the questions in order to rely on one’s own ‘ear’ to notice aberrations or possible problems with a phrase or sentence as it exists in a given paragraph. The following is a typical breakdown of an English section’s 75 questions: English Content Number of questions Grammar/Usage 40 Punctuation 10 Misc. Grammar/Usage topics 18 Sentence Structure 11 Rhetorical Skills 35 Sentence/Paragraph Strategy 12 Passage Organization 11 Style 12 One key aspect of the English section that emerges very quickly is the heavy emphasis given topics that are not strictly grammatical; this is intentional on the part of the ACT, as the test is designed to test a student’s composition skills, not whether a student has memorized basic grammar rules. Questions that fall under ‘rhetorical skills’ are a vital part of doing well in the section; these questions can ask how well a certain sentence develops a topic in relation to the essay’s audience and purpose, or asks whether the essay’s author should add, revise, or delete a given sentence to fit in with the rest of the passage of paragraph. It’s important to understand every question on the English section through the lens of context: does this sentence fit in context with the paragraph? Does this verb fit in context with the subject of the sentence? Does a sentence fit in with the logical order of the argument in a given paragraph? This is motivated in part by what has been a generational shift in how writing and composition is taught in grade school, and in order for the ACT to make the case that a student’s performance in the English section will correlate to his or her reading and composition work in university. ACT vs. SAT The ACT English layout has also been influential in shaping the direction that the SAT has taken its redesigned Writing section. I’ve provided a flow chart below that highlights the way in which the SAT Writing section has evolved over time: What an uncanny resemblance to the ACT’s English section! Students deciding between or preparing for both the SAT and ACT test should be aware of the fresh and intentioned similarities between the SAT’s Writing and the ACT’s English section. Both tests ask that the student stand in as the editor of a given passage, and evaluate the relations between sentences and paragraphs. Context-based judgment is the most essential skill for both the ACT English and SAT Writing section. Students preparing for the ACT should take time to fully understand each of the test’s sections, content, and what they will need to do in order to improve upon their current scores. At, our team of expert tutors works to fully evaluate students’ skills and points of weakness in order to develop a test prep plan that will help them reach their academic and score goals. For more information on our tutoring and test prep services, contact us today. //

The Holocaust A Major Effect On Judaism - 1409 Words

The holocaust had a major effect on Judaism as a whole. This conflict between tragedy and faith is not new. Jewish history shows us that the jewish people have undergone the most terrible persecutions and genocide at the hands of many oppressors. Whether it be about the pogroms, crusades, destruction of the Temples, the jewish people have been at the brunt of the most terrible atrocities, and yet this does not shake their faith,Anti-Semitism was nothing new. This became even more evident with the unmasking of the holocaust.The philosophical question of â€Å"Shall the Judge of the earth not do justice?† applies just as much to the seemingly useless suffering of an individual as to that of six million individuals. If it could be dealt with on an individual basis before the Holocaust, why couldn t it be dealt with in the same way afterwards? The difference is one of quantity, but the quality of the question remains the same. In truth however, Hitler’s Final Solution was something peculiar in the fact that few people believed that in the 20th Century, when society had reached its intellectual and ethical peak, such genocide was conceivable. Public consensus, along with the media, reassured us that we could no longer return to the Middle Ages. However, the philosophers and prophets of Berlin, with their fine manners and high society, turned into the world’s greatest murderers. The world was silent. One may add, not only silent but in whole passive, sometimes comfortable with whatShow MoreRelatedBiography and Book Report on Shaul Magid1610 Words   |  6 Pagesa professor of religious studies and the Jay and Jeannie Schottenstein Chair of Jewish Studies in Modern Judaism at Indiana University. In addition, on the site he says that he grew up in a secular Jewish household in New York and then become serious about religion at the age of 20 in which he dove deeply into the world of Hasidism. He says that he is fascinated by the complex nexus of Judaism and American counterculture of his youth and writes about the topic as a scholar rather then an observerRead MoreJews : The Forever Faithful1930 Words   |  8 PagesJews: The Forever Faithful Most people today immediately think about the holocaust when they put the words suffering and Jews together. However, there are layers of history buried beneath the holocaust that is unseen by the common eye. Jews have been persecuted for what seems like the beginning of time for their beliefs. It is ironic that today’s most popular religions were so hostile towards their own origins. The holocaust is an add-on to truly confirm people’s ignorance. The Jewish people areRead MoreChristianity And Judaism : Christianity Vs. Judaism Essay1706 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity vs. Judaism â€Å"If you take away the Jewish contribution to Christianity, there would be no Christianity. Judaism does not need Christianity to explain its existence; Christianity, however, cannot explain its existence without Judaism.† – John Hagee This quote synthesizes that Judaism was a foundation of Christianity. This is the fundamental reason they are the same; however, there are numerous reasons Judaism and Christianity are different. Comparing how these two religions justify theRead MoreThe Egyptian Kingdom Of The Pharaohs1721 Words   |  7 Pagestrue goal by following the practices of purification and discipline laid down by tirthankaras. For Jains, the understanding of Karma is different from that of the Hindus and Buddhists, for whom it is a morale concept of moral concept of cause and effect. Jains rely on teaching but not on any divine, or other, help God or Gods are recognized as part of the cosmos, but not as supreme or as outside the cosmos or its processes. Though an enormous part of Jainism is Cosmology, which the Jain monks studiedRead MoreAt the Minds Limit by Jean Amery: Book Report2302 Words   |  10 Pagesseries of essays written by Jean Amery, a German born Jew who survived the holocaust, who gives th e reader a very interesting perspective into the mind of a persecuted Jew from 1935 forward. Amery does not consider himself a religious Jew or one who follows any Jewish traditions. In fact, he did not know that Yiddish was a language until he was 18. So Amery describes the events leading up to and following the holocaust through the eyes of an â€Å"intellectual† and tries to find out whether being anRead MoreDaniel Libeskind - The Jewish Museum in Berlin1843 Words   |  8 Pagesuntreated to house the ghost of German Judaism, a rare opportunity to visit an empty building for its such high profile budget. The challenge is to excavate the memory that was already there but suppressed by the medium of contemporary architecture, uncanny. This essay is to analyze the capturing of a spiritual existence from a part of the bygone Berlin, and the museum’s capacity to address one of the most profoundly tragic events of the twentieth century, the Holocaust, in the use of li ght, material, andRead MoreThe Jewish Self Identity Essay2488 Words   |  10 Pagesthe Jewish people have formed a self-identity that is unlike any other cultural group in this world. There are three components that make up the Jewish self-identity: antisemitism and its effects, the image of the self-hating Jew, often a result of antisemitism, and the events and repercussions of the Holocaust. Some scholars would argue that antisemitism is a result of the New Testament’s portrayal of the Jewish people as the reason for Christ’s crucifixion. In fact, in the Gospel of Acts, theRead MoreIn Chaim Potoks The Chosen And The Man Who Broke Into Auschwitz1044 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War 2 was a time of persecution, fighting, and devastation. The Holocaust and World War 2 have lasting effects to the world that no one will ever forget. Chaim Potok’s novel The Chosen and the true story The Man Who Broke Into Auschwitz told by Denis Avey both depict the events of World War 2, but in very different ways. In The Chosen, Reuven Malter and hasid Danny Saunders become unlikely friends through an accident in a huge baseball game. Danny hits Reuven in the eye while batting in baseballRead MoreUkraine : A Large And Pivotal State1085 Words   |  5 Pagessoutheast and 65 ° F in northern Ukraine. Average rainfall across the country is 18 to 24 inches annually. The landscape is defined by the Ukrainian steppes, or plateaus. These were historically grass lands that gave way to the Russian plains. Several major rivers flow through the center of the country south into the Black Sea and the Azov Sea. The Danube river delta marks a border with Romania to the Southwest. The Carpathian Mountain in the west mark the highest point in the country at 2,061 metersRead MoreModernism and the Holocaust Essay1932 Words   |  8 PagesThe emergence of the Holocaust and the Nazi party views can largely be determined as a result of modernity, as a reaction against the times. Yet, at the same time it can be argued that the National Socialist party can be characterized as a modern development. Modris Eksteins, George Mosse, and Zygmundt Bauman offer an in-depth look into both the anti-modern and modern aspects of the Nazi movement and the resulting Holocaust. Eksteins work proves to be the most thorough of the three works in following

World War II Bomber Command Dambuster Raids

During the early days of World War II, the Royal Air Forces Bomber Command sought to strike at German dams in the Ruhr. Such an attack would damage water and electrical production, as well as inundate large areas of the region. Conflict Date Operation Chastise took place on May 17, 1943, and was part of World War II. Aircraft Commanders Wing Commander Guy Gibson19 aircraft Operation Chastise Overview Assessing the feasibility of the mission, it was found that multiple strikes with a high degree of accuracy would be necessary. As these would have to take place against heavy enemy resistance, Bomber Command dismissed the raids as unpractical. Pondering the mission, Barnes Wallis, an aircraft designer at Vickers, devised a different approach to breaching the dams. While first proposing the use of a 10-ton bomb, Wallis was forced to move on as no aircraft capable carrying such a payload existed. Theorizing that a small charge could break the dams if detonated below the water, he was initially thwarted by the presence of German anti-torpedo nets in the reservoirs. Pushing on with the concept, he began developing a unique, cylindrical bomb designed to skip along the surface of the water before sinking and exploding at the dams base. To accomplish this, the bomb, designated Upkeep, was spun backward at 500 rpm before being dropped from low altitude. Striking the dam, the bombs spin would let it roll down the face before exploding underwater. Wallis idea was put forward to Bomber Command and after several conferences were accepted on February 26, 1943. While Wallis team worked to perfect the Upkeep bomb design, Bomber Command assigned the mission to 5 Group. For the mission, a new unit, 617 Squadron, was formed with Wing Commander Guy Gibson in command. Based at RAF Scampton, just northwest of Lincoln, Gibsons men were given uniquely modified Avro Lancaster Mk.III bombers. Dubbed the B Mark III Special (Type 464 Provisioning), 617s Lancasters had much of the armor and defensive armament removed to reduce weight. In addition, the bomb bay doors were taken off to allow the fitting of special crutches to hold and spin the Upkeep bomb. As the mission planning progressed, it was decided to strike the MÃ ¶hne, Eder, and Sorpe Dams. While Gibson relentlessly trained his crews in low-altitude, night flying, efforts were made to find solutions to two key technical problems. These were ensuring that the Upkeep bomb was released at a precise altitude and distance from the dam. For the first issue, two lights were mounted under each aircraft such that their beams would converge on the surface of the water then the bomber was at the correct altitude. To judge range, special aiming devices which utilized towers on each dam were built for 617s aircraft. With these problems solved, Gibsons men began test runs over reservoirs around England. Following their final testing, the Upkeep bombs were delivered on May 13, with the goal of Gibsons men conducting the mission four days later. Flying the Dambuster Mission Taking off in three groups after dark on May 17, Gibsons crews flew at around 100 feet to evade German radar. On the outbound flight, Gibsons Formation 1, consisting of nine Lancasters, lost an aircraft en route to the MÃ ¶hne when it was downed by high tension wires. Formation 2 lost all but one of its bombers as it flew towards Sorpe. The last group, Formation 3, served as a reserve force and diverted three aircraft to Sorpe to make up for losses. Arriving at MÃ ¶hne, Gibson led the attack in and successfully released his bomb. He was followed by Flight Lieutenant John Hopgood whose bomber was caught in the blast from its bomb and crashed. To support his pilots, Gibson circled back to draw German flak while the others attacked. Following a successful run by Flight Lieutenant Harold Martin, Squadron Leader Henry Young was able to breach the dam. With the MÃ ¶hne Dam broken, Gibson led the flight to Eder where his three remaining aircraft negotiated tricky terrain to score hits on the dam. The dam was finally opened by Pilot Officer Leslie Knight. While Formation 1 was achieving success, Formation 2 and its reinforcements continued to struggle. Unlike MÃ ¶hne and Eder, the Sorpe Dam was earthen rather than masonry. Due to increasing fog and as the dam was undefended, Flight Lieutenant Joseph McCarthy from Formation 2 was able to make ten runs before releasing his bomb. Scoring a hit, the bomb only damaged the crest of the dam. Two aircraft from Formation 3 attacked as well but were unable to inflict substantial damage. The remaining two reserve aircraft were directed to secondary targets at Ennepe and Lister. While Ennepe was unsuccessfully attacked (this aircraft may have struck Bever Dam by mistake), Lister escaped unharmed as Pilot Officer Warner Ottley was downed en route. Two additional aircraft were lost during the return flight. Aftermath Operation Chastise cost 617 Squadron eight aircraft as well as 53 killed and 3 captured. The successful attacks on the MÃ ¶hne and Eder dams released 330 million tons of water into the western Ruhr, reducing water production by 75% and flooding large amounts of farmland. In addition, over 1,600 were killed though many of these were forced laborers from occupied countries and Soviet prisoners of war. While British planners were pleased with the results, they were not long-lasting. By late June, German engineers had fully restored water production and hydroelectric power. Though the military benefit was fleeting, the success of the raids provided a boost to British morale and aided Prime Minister Winston Churchill in negotiations with the United States and the Soviet Union. For his role in the mission, Gibson was awarded the Victoria Cross while the men of 617 Squadron received a combined five Distinguished Service Orders, ten Distinguished Flying Crosses and four bars, twelve Distinguished Flying Medals, and two Conspicuous Gallantry Medals.

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay - 700 Words

Jacob Spear Mrs. Murk Honors English 1 30 January 2014 Inescapable Fate Many people don t believe that fate even exists. These people feel that one controls his or her own future. But in the case of the play, Romeo and Juliet written by Willian Shakespeare, this is not true. Romeo and Juliet is a story about two star-crossed lovers who ultimately die due to their fate. Since the moment they first time they met, things began in motion. These two lovers could not have done anything to change their course of fate, thus, why the story of Romeo and Juliet is a story controlled by fate, rather than a tragedy. In the very first act of Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare clearly states that the play is controlled by fate. In the prologue, it states that a pair of star-cross d lovers take their life (I. Prologue. 5-6). Shakespeare refers to them as star-crossed lovers because they are doomed due to the position of the planets when they were born. In other words, he is saying that these two lovers will die because of fate and will have no way of prevent ing it. Later in that act, shortly after meeting Juliet, Romeo says, I fear, too early: for my mind misgives Some consequence yet hanging in the stars Shall bitterly begin his fearful date With this night s revels and expire the term Of a despised life, clos d in my breast, By some vile forfeit of untimely death. (I. iv. 106-111) Romeo is saying he has a premonition that he will be controlled by fate and eventually lead to aShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words   |  7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare oc cupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows the so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1279 Words   |  6 Pagesour lives. The great, classic writers teach timeless, valuable life skills. Shakespeare was the greatest writer of all time. His writings mainly consisted of dramas and sonnets. Romeo and Juliet, as well as, A MIdsummer Night’s Dream were written about the same time period. He was able to inter relate everything that wrote. For example, the tale of Pyramus and Thisbe could possibly be an advertisement for Romeo and Juliet. The basic structure of the two dramas is the same; two forbidden lovers meet

Different Forms Of Terrorism And Providing Examples Of...

The word terrorism can be defined in many ways, therefore, there is no universal definition because another person’s terrorist is another individual freedom fighter and to use a universal definition could cause issues. In this paper the term terrorism is used as a deliberate act of violence to inflict terror in order to accomplish a political, religious, or ideological point. All acts of terrorism are used to create terror amount the mass so an individual or group can cause panic in order to force government officials to surrender to their demands. There are five forms of terrorism- domestic, nationalist, religious, state, and global terrorism- and each have a tendency to overlap, however, they do vary in their actions and affect people differently. In this paper, I will be investigating the different forms of terrorism and providing examples of terroristic acts globally. Domestic terrorism is defined by the United Stated (US) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) as an attack done on American’s by another American based on an extremist ideology. Domestic terrorism has existed worldwide for hundreds of years (Davidson Hudson, 2012, p 4-6). However, domestic terrorism that occurs throughout US history has been proven to be unlike any other countries because many terrorist attacks done in the US can be linked to racial, ethnic, or religious minorities. Many American terrorist are conservative extremists who believe whites are superior to all other races and as a result weShow MoreRelatedGlobal Terrorism : Can It Be Stopped? Essay2347 Words   |  10 Pages Global Terrorism: Can It Be Stopped? Mickey Barron American Studies - 3 Mr. Wheeler 11 November 2016  Tactics to induce terror in pursuit of a political goal have been utilized by a multitude of organizations across the globe. This method of power control is known as terrorism, and due to its impact and unpredictability, it is highly feared and monitored today in the 21st century. Attacks of this nature stem from radical beliefs of religion, ethics, or other politics, and

Canada Great Britain Comparison Free Essays

string(43) " and the making of international treaties\." Comparative Analysis of Canada’s Relationship Between Great Britain and the United States Introduction For centuries, the British Empire was comprised of multiple dominions, colonies, and territories ruled by the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The British Empire was present in areas all over the globe. Around the early 1900’s the Empire was said to govern a total population of almost 500 million people, and covered about one quarter of the total land mass on Earth, which was spread all around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Canada Great Britain Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now This empire was known to be the largest formal empire that the world had ever seen. The empire reached its greatest extent at the end of World War I, and at that point the empire included some of the following land territories: British Isles, British West Indies, British Guiana, British West Africa, British East Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Canada. Around the end of the 19th century, the economic lead that Britain had successfully kept for many years was beginning to become eroded. Read Essay In Westminster Abbey Analysis With this erosion of leadership came a great decolonization movement by most of the territories that were under control of the British Empire. Both World War I, and World War II put extreme financial and population strains on Britain, and even with the large amount of territorial extent the Empire no longer had the industrial or military power it once had. The empire relied heavily on the territories till the end of the Second World War. By the end of World War II, the Empire had no choice but to grant independence to most of its territories, which most joined the British Commonwealth of Nations. The Commonwealth of Nations is known as an intergovernmental organization of 54 independent states that were once part of the British Empire. Within in the Commonwealth the states cooperate with a framework of common values and goals, which include the promotion of democracy, human rights, good governance, the rule of law, individual liberty, egalitarianism, free trade, multilateralism and world peace. There is no political union in the Commonwealth, but the groups of states are regarded as equal in status. The â€Å"Head of the Commonwealth† is considered to be Queen Elizabeth II, who also is considered as reigning constitutional monarch of 16 different Commonwealth members, including Canada. In this paper I want to focus on the important historic relationship between Canada and Great Britain, and also touch on the growing relationship of Canada and the United States. Also, I want to examine what Canada might be doing in the future within the international community. Canada was a very unique member within the Commonwealth. Canada was considered to be a senior player in the Commonwealth of Nations, because until the early 1900’s it carried the title of ‘dominion’ alone. It wasn’t until the British Colonial Conference that the title of dominion was given to any other independent state. Canada was considered to be the most advanced member of the Commonwealth in terms of population and economic development, and also its relations with Britain were the most complex due to it’s geographical location with the United States. The relationship between Britain and the Canadian Dominion moved along a ‘decentralist’ path very quickly. Canada is known to be the largest member of the Commonwealth in total landmass, and its border with the United States is known to be the longest border in the world. Canada also has the fourth largest gross domestic product in the Commonwealth with a total of 1. 5 trillion dollars, and ranks ninth highest in the world. Canada ranks very well in the international rankings for education, quality of life, governmental organization, and economic freedom. Canada was first of Commonwealth Nations to participate in large economic groups such as the G7 and G8. Association With Great Britain In 1867, after Canadian delegates discussed the details of the British North America Act (BNAA) in London, the term Dominion was adopted to describe the status of Canada in the British Empire. The dominion delegates of Canada had made it obvious that they were starting to feel more independent from Britain, but even with the beginning of separation Canada still followed the parliamentary structure of Britain. After the British North America Act was adopted by Canadian officials, and was accepted in 1867 as the constitution of the Dominion, the Parliament of Canada came into existence. The Parliament of Canada was modeled exactly from the British Parliament. The Canadian Parliament was granted limited power in regards to the amending of the constitution. When Canadian parliament sought after any amendment change of the BNAA it was required that there be a ruling by British law. As stated earlier, Canada held this status solely until the Colonial Conference in 1907, which was the time when the remaining self-governing colonies also took on the status of Dominion. After the BNAA was solidified the relationship between Canada and Britain quickly began to decentralize. The Prime Minister of Britain, Arthur Balfour, stated to the British House of Commons â€Å"that these children of empire were now grown up, referring generously to ‘those self-governing Colonies of the Empire over which no office in this country has any control at all’,† (Wigley pg. 7). During the first decade of the 1900’s, Canadian government leaders formulated three questions in regards to their position in the Empire; rendering solicited assistance to the mother country of Britain, the extent of association with British defense and foreign policies, and the ways in which they and Britain would discuss imperial problems in confidence. Officials then participated in conferences in order to figure out the British-dominion affairs. The Imperial Conference of 1923 was a very important conference for the British-dominion affairs. It created debates that focused on the unified partnership between Britain and the dominions, and whether they should proceed together or independent from each other in the areas of foreign policy, defense, economic affairs, and the making of international treaties. You read "Canada Great Britain Comparison" in category "Papers" After the 1923 Imperial Conference, another conference was held in regards to the economic standings between Canada, other dominions and Britain. For both political and ideological reasons, the conference obtained a theme of independence, and there seemed to be no hidden implications for Canadian autonomy. Britain and Canada stood side by side with each other, and accepted their equality as commonwealth partners. All dominions, including Canada, felt as though their own particular conditions were required to be dealt with in the best interests of the Empire, but could be promoted by allowing for each to do with the conditions what they wished. During the 1930’s and 1940’s, Prime Minister William Mackenzie King had been working hard and successfully to obtain national unity in Canada. He felt that that Canada needed to be cautious with its foreign policy and should avoid commitments. This is why many believe that Canadian policy during this time was summed up in two words ‘no commitments’. Many thought it was best to avoid controversy and division in Canada since unity was so fresh in the minds of the Canadian people. The Canadians had become very comfortable with their autonomy, which was made very apparent at the start of World War II. For the first time, Canada had made a decision to declare war separate from Britain. The Canadian government felt that cooperating too closely with Britain at that point might negatively affect constitutional developments for Canada in later years. Throughout the 1940’s the Canadian parliament kept putting up a wall in between Canada and all other dominions and Britain. Prime Minister King would not meet with any of the dominion prime ministers or British parliament other then for personal consultations, and rejected to offer new support for the Commonwealth. One might conclude that highlight of Canadian independence had come from the interactions during World War II. Canadian Participation in The World Wars In the early years of the 1900’s, when the problems that started World War I were beginning to brew, the relations between Britain and the dominions remained in a highly unresolved state. The British Empire, even though had granted dominion independence to Canada, still relied heavily on their military support. During this time the British parliament created the Imperial War Cabinet. The purpose of the cabinet was to register the dominions’ claims as regards to their constitutional and functional place in the empire, to brief their representatives on current problems. The cabinet brought all overseas dominion and colonial government officials together during the Imperial War Conference in 1917. In 1914, Britain had declared war on Germany, and by doing so the British forces called for the Empire’s support. While many British leaders thought that there would be little participation from Canada, they were surprised to see the willingness Canada had to participate right from the start of the war. After two months from the start of the war Canada had armed around 30,000 men and sent them to Britain. In 1910, Britain had given control of Canadian Naval defense completely to the Canadian Parliament, which allowed for Canada to have completely control over navy bases located in Halifax and Esquimalt. By 1918, there were a total of 619,636 men and women who had served in the Canadian Expeditionary Force. Out of all the dominions and colonies, Canada’s contribution, for a population of less than 8 million people, was considered to be an outstanding contribution. Canada’s participation in the ar was to support its mother country of Britain, but by the time the war ended Canada had become a unified nation, proud of their achievements and sacrifices. They were ready to play a larger role in the international community. During the years after World War I, Canada and other dominions had continued to meet with the British Parliament in regards to the autonomy of their count ries. In 1939, British Parliament passed the ‘Statute of Westminster, which gave Canada and the other dominions the constitutional right to make their own decisions in all of their affairs. So when it came time to commence the Germans again in 1939, Canada was not so quick to jump up to show support. The Canadian Parliament had decided that if Canada was going to show support in the war they wanted to do so as an independent declaration. The purpose behind this later declaration of war was to formally underline Canada’s independent status. When Canada declared war the idea was to contribute mostly in the form of war materials, there was no immediate decision to secure a large army for the use overseas. The Canadian Parliament created a set of goals to do the following: Maintain defense and security of Canada including the development of the Royal Canadian Air Force and Royal Canadian Navy, provide vital food supplies to Britain, create an industrial program for weapons and ammunition, provide training courses for Allied pilots. Also, proposals for a British Commonwealth Air Training Plan was implemented in December of 1939, which allowed for the building of 65 training schools in Canada for Commonwealth countries. As in the First World War, Canada quickly sent around 23,000 untrained ground troops to Britain while Canada’s Air Force and Navy was built. In the Early 1940’s, the Royal Canadian Air Force grew substantially to around 206,000, which ended up playing a major role in the war against Germany. The Royal Canadian Navy also played a major role all around the world. The Canadian ships were helpful in operations not only in Europe but also in the Mediterranean and Pacific Ocean. Canada was applauded for keeping the lifeline to Britain open in the Atlantic. If Canada had not generously contributed men, aircraft, and ships to the battle, and if the ports of Canada and Newfoundland had not been available, the war would certainly have dragged on much longer,† (Munro pg. 60). The wars benefited Canada on an economic level, as well as a military level. Although Canada was showing signs of industrial economic growth before the wars, the growth was very slow. At the state of th e First World War, industrial and agricultural products were in great demand by the Allies, Canada gladly offered up their products. Also the wars forced the government to create wartime regulations for the economy. By the end of the Second World War the standard of living for most Canadians became higher then ever before, vastly exceeding those of other dominions in the Commonwealth. Growing Relationship With The United States During the first two decades of the 1900’s, the United States had drastically grown to become a world power. With the global emergence of the US, and the steady decline in power of Great Britain, Canada was affected more then any country in the world. The growth of a relationship between Canada and the United States seemed to be inevitable, because of the geographical location of the two. Especially since the two countries shared borders, fisheries, and natural resources, which made the relations between the US and Canada become much more solidified, and the fact that the US economy had quickly boomed was an attraction for the Canadians since the Canadian economy had a much slower start at the beginning compared to the US. A big problem that Canada faced was the fact that some of Canada’s â€Å"best and brightest† had left Canada to go to schools, and find jobs in the United States, and never returned. In 1908, the International Boundary Commission was created as a permanent organization, which was responsible for maintaining the border between the United States and Canada. This was the first important initiative noted for the beginning relationship between Canada and the US. With the solidified border came some issues that presented themselves. The fishery disputes had remained to be the biggest problem for the relations between the US and Canada, which had ended up lasting for a long period of time. Since many of the rivers flowed from Canada directly across the American border the two countries had to create regulations to try and resolve the fishing issues. So the United States, Britain, and Canada worked together to create the International Fisheries Commission, which worked to settle disputes. One very large problem had come between the two countries, and almost ruined relations between them, this was the Alaskan Boundary dispute. The two countries worked with Britain’s cooperation to come to an agreement by signing 8 treaties, which would help to â€Å"clean the slate† of long-standing quarrels. At the start of the World Wars, Canada and the US had joined forces in the defense of North America. The Canadian parliament and the US government worked together to create a joint board of defense, which would continue to grow and become useful even after the World Wars. When the wars were over, the economic boom allowed for Canada to pull itself out of a depression and allowed for closer ties to be created with the United States between the two economies. Canadians welcomed investment into Canada from the United States, which had grown immensely over the beginning of the 1900’s. It seemed that less and less British trade unions were located in Canada, but more and more US unions where popping up all around Canada. It was starting to look as though American firms were beginning to take control of the Canadian industry, but it seemed for the time being that Canadians were unconcerned with this economic control. While many Canadians began to worry about the Americanization of Canada, they still had a strong ‘craving’ for reciprocal trade between the two. During the time when Canada was awarded an independent seat in the League of Nations they urged the Americans to also join. When the US rejected Canadian leaders were disappointed. The Canadians felt as though the overall positive relationship that was had with the US was a prime example to Europe of how they should get along with each other. Canadian delegates reshaped the League by using the relationship that they had with the United States, expressing that â€Å"the world could learn from, ‘three thousand miles of undefended frontier’ between the US and Canada,† (Thompsan/Randall pg 101). After the end of World War II, the United States had complications arise with the Soviet Union, which began the Cold War. Canada became an important player in the Cold War not necessarily by choice. Canada was located directly between the two rivals of the Cold War, which made it very hard for Canada to stay neutral. Also, in 1945, Canadian public opinion was swayed against the Soviet Union when documents were defected proving a Soviet spy ring was in Canada. Shortly after this the two neighboring countries sign a plan for joint air defense known as the North American Air Defense Agreement (NORAD), which was later changed to North American Aerospace Defense Command. This combined the air defenses of the United States and Canada. The agreement brought the U. S. and Canada closer during the Cold War, because they relied on each other for detection of nuclear missiles. Even though the two countries quickly grew closer during World War II and the beginning of the Cold War their relations began to deteriorate around the time of the Vietnam War. The newly elected leaders of Canada did not feel that they could supply the support needed to the United States during the Vietnam War, and they openly expressed disagreement with American policies in Southeast Asia. Many Canadians demanded that American influence be significantly reduced. For about twenty years after the Vietnam War the relations between the two countries stay strained. It was obvious that the governments had different perceptions on international events. Finally, in the late 1980’s, Canada and the United States reached a tentative trade agreement that would change the economic relations between the two. After the agreement came into effect trade between the two grew dramatically. The United States was taking around 80% of Canada’s exports, and Canada was receiving 70% of imports from the United States. The agreement grew with the addition of Mexico in the 1990’s, which became known as the North American Free Trade Agreement, and trade between the U. S. and Canada remained high even to the present day. Now the economic relationship is known to be the largest in the world. The imports and exports between the countries still remain extremely high. Canada still remains the largest market for U. S. exports. The economies have become so intertwined that many businesses have developed internal production chains that operate back and forth across the border. It has continuously been made obvious that the relationship between the United States and Canada has continued to grow. In 2011, the two countries released the ‘Beyond the Border’ agreement. This agreement basically deals with the security perimeter on both sides of the border. After 2001, the United States tightened its border, which made the bilateral trade relationship more difficult to maintain. The agreement allows for more participation with security forces between the U. S. and Canada, and creates trusted travel of manufacturers across the border. This agreement has opened up the possibilities in the future for the United States and Canada to work closer with each other in order to harmonize rules in agricultures, food, energy, and the environment. What The Future Holds In present years, Canada has expressed great excitement in maintaining a relationship between both the United States and Britain. Current Prime Minister Stephen Harper has stated that he looks forward to working with the United States, while keeping communication with Great Britain. One has to wonder how the relations between Canada, Great Britain and the United States will progress. Currently, Canada shows no signs of letting its relationship with Great Britain deteriorate. The Canadian people understand that their relationship with Britain is deeply rooted, and that they share common history and values. In late 2012, the two leading government officials of Canada and Great Britain came together and signed a ‘Memorandum of Understanding for Enhancing Mutual Support at Missions Abroad. The signatures promote the co-locations of embassies, joint provision of services, and common crisis response. It is explained that their partnership on multiple global issues has caused the relationship between them to show an increase of strength. Canada still shows feelings of loyalty to the commonwealth, and is excited to maintain membership in it while making plans to work with Britain for future reform of the commonwealth. Canada could be considered the daughter of Great Britain who ended up marrying the United States. The relationship between the United States and Canada is also deeply rooted, and the two countries understand each other very well, because they share similar cultures, norms and values, and share an economic relationship like no other two countries in the world. Also, growing numbers of people move back and forth for education and work. Another obvious reason why the relationship seems to have no future of deterioration is the fact that the two share the worlds longest, unprotected border, and share security of the border. In years to come it seems that Canada will continue to work closely with the United States to build up its security alliance, and also reinforce the role as most trusted ally to the U. S. By doing this we would see a large focus on cooperation on trade issues, international policy and promotion of democratic norms. If this was to happen then we might see Canada address problems that they have with NAFTA, and strengthen their military relationship with the United States. Also, they might base their global relationship more on their relationship with the United States. Since the world is changing, Canada needs to protect itself and reduce the likelihood of failure. While the political powers and economy of the U. S shows signs of becoming weaker and less vigorous, Canada should create options as a backup plan. Growing countries such as China could benefit from creating an economic relationship with Canada. Realigning some of its assets and interests with new rising powers makes good economic sense. Prime Minister Harper has recently met with the Chinese president to create an agreement that would better protect Canadian businesses that might want to capitalize on their growing economy. In the coming years, it is possible that we could see Canada take some of its economic focus away from the United States, and shift it to other parts of the world to become more involved in the international community. Many are unsure of what course Canada will take into the future. The international community is always growing, and Canada has made sure to keep itself involved within the community. The future seems to hold much success for Canada as a strong economic player, whether it is to continue a close relationship with the United States or branch out and create new relationships with other strengthening countries. Bibliography: -Canada’s World, Rising Powers: Future Directions, http://www. canadasworld. ca/learnmor/ninenewr/risingpo/futuredi. 2012 -Huffington Post, Beyond The Border: Deal to Bolster Security and Reduce Trade Barriers. http://www. huffingtonpost. ca/2011/12/07/beyond-the-border-perimeter-security-canada_n_1134463. html. 2012 -Government of Canada, Canada and the United States: No Two Nations Closer, http://www. canadainternational. gc. ca/can-am/Closer-etroites. aspx? view=d. 2012 -Lain Munro, Canada And The World Wars, Wiley Publishers Toronto, 1979. Pgs 28-70. -Thompson, Randall. Canada and The United States, Georgia Press, 2008. Pgs 101-145. -Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada, Canada and the World: 1921-1939, http://www. international. gc. ca/history-histoire/world-monde/1921-1939. aspx? lang=engview=d 2011 -Peter Lyon, Britain and Canada: Survey of a Changing Relationship, London, England 1976. Pg. 141-150 – Philip Wigley, Canada and the transition to Commonwealth, Cambridge University Press, 1977. Pgs 1-20 -Andrew Porter, Britain’s Empire in 1815, How to cite Canada Great Britain Comparison, Papers

International Engineering Management †Free Samples for Students

Question: Explain International Engineering Management? Answer: Introduction TNA Pty. Ltd is the international leader in the food processing and packaging industry, which supplies solutions as well as a single system to all their customers worldwide. TNA business emphasizes on developing the innovative equipment for packaging. The consumer packaging industry is increasing or growing all over the world at the rapid pace, as economies of many countries have strengthened their buying power (Gillespie, Jeannet, and Hennessey 2009). Organized retail design and convenience packs will set the company apart. As the company is planning to expand in the various Asian market, it is important to analyse the market. To do so, five countries are selected such as India, China, Singapore, Japan, and Saudi Arabia. Benefits and challenges in these countries will be analysed so that it become easier for TNA to expand their business in these market. TNA had faced various challenges when they grew their business in different countries, which relates to lack of technical compatibility among the system of TNA and snack food packaging industry (Gillespie, Jeannet, Hennessey 2009). In this report, the best market will be selected for TNA, and by that recommendation will be provided, that relates to enhancing sales and marketing in these regions. Preliminary analysis Packing for the convenience- Big opportunities that have increased through the convenience trend is rapidly used in case of ready meals. Huge organizations having the technological strength like Uflex Ltd, retort purchase, MTR Foods, has created the high position in Indian market. The different technological development towards the ready meals in India has resulted in the development of shelf ready packs of the meal (Gillespie, Jeannet, Hennessey 2009). It is referred as the milestone of sorts, by applying the facility of the cold chain within the retail stores are again less. Through this increasing trend, the process of packaging is expected to increase through the technology ladder, like hot filling methods, a form-fill seal within the flexible packaging, and aseptic packaging. Managed retail design- through the shift in the old-fashioned retailing at small-scale to get organized at large stores, product manufacturers have tried to modernize the packs. For example, milk has changed from loosely sold towards the flexible plastic pillow packs, and currently, used as the premium liquid cartons (Gillespie, Jeannet, Hennessey 2009). Exploiting the flexibility- As the huge chunk of the Indian consumers, hold less purchasing power has continued to increase the demand for the less unit price; therefore, the small sized pack's prevalence are in the form of 1 to 10-gram sachets. It is noted that in India flexible packaging has successfully exploited on this trend, which gives them low cost (ADVANTAGE INDIA - CONSUMER GOODS PACKAGING TRENDS 2011). Disadvantages Import dependence- Around 80% of the material is mainly used in the packaging of cold type blister, and its imported. The requirement of new technology- In India, around 40% of the floriculture and horticulture is mainly wasted, due to the lack of cold chains and logistics. Nevertheless, the proper packaging can help in addressing the innovation through enhancing the shelf life of these items by modified atmosphere packaging. Mismatch of standards- BIS standards that are mainly used by the Indian packaging industry is not up to the standards set by the developed nations (ADVANTAGE INDIA - CONSUMER GOODS PACKAGING TRENDS 2011). Loss of export- Due to the relevant technology and mismatch of standard in food packaging, the export industry has suffered a lot. For instance, in the Middle East, the export of raw meat fail in earning the potential revenue, due to the lack of the services of value addition to packaging and processing (ADVANTAGE INDIA - CONSUMER GOODS PACKAGING TRENDS 2011). Malaysia Local players that continuously lead the sale of packaging- local companies hold the firm presence within the area. Packaging firms manufacture various pack types for the different categories, having few local manufacturers offering services like packaging, moulding, and labelling, to stay competitive (Malaysian Association of Standard Users 2013). The innovation of product by emphasizing over close improvement- in the year 2015, the product innovation has emphasized over close improvement. It is mainly prevalent in personal care and home care, in which enhanced closure is used for offering consumers with the safety features as well as added convenience. Demands of customers for the consistent product often drive the sales of massive pack format size are attaining momentum in the ongoing packaged food as well as beauty and personal care, in which sale hit through the sensitivity of consumer cost (Malaysian Association of Standard Users 2013). This trend was, later on, introduce around 6% of the goods and service tax in the year 2015, which drive the demand for the affordable items, Disadvantages As per the Malaysian investment development authority of 2012, the sector is highly dominated by the small and medium sized companies. Despite the key percentage as compared with the large-scale companies, they are highly insufficient in producing the logical volume of results and also face challenges in complying with the standards of food and hygiene (Talib, Ali and Idris 2013). Other emerging problems that has increased the concern is related to the food processing sector is highly efficient through the increase in overhead cost. Steps were taken for resolving the issues, food small and medium size companies primarily tend to react over the unplanned cutting of cost and even fail in viewing the significance of applying the sustainability acts in operation (Talib, Ali and Idris 2013). Failure in organizing the sustainability components like water and energy can potentially lead towards the increased overhead price of SME and come up with a negative effect on social and environment. The problems related to food hygiene as well as a lack of sustainability could be explored in the core design of the food industry. Surrounded by various issues, SME often tends towards overlooking or either ignoring the significance of referring the sustainability and hygiene at the time of designing (Talib, Ali and Idris 2013). Failure in making consideration helps in producing the factory design like various errors, which emerge as manufacturing issue, once the factory is constructed. Singapore Advantages The popularity of American convenience, as well as fast foods in the Singapore, favours the application of these existing chain system of procurement that can source the food ingredients from America. The food procedure of America are considered as the reliable source of huge volume and even hold consistent quality food items in the key food processors. American items are modern and correctly presented in the key supermarkets (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel 2010). American products are also considered as high quality. Singapore is the key regional hub for the agriculture and food re-export, mainly the processed food (Dong 2016). Disadvantages There is an increasing and ongoing trend in Singapore for the healthy eating. Whether it is justified or not, but the fast food is often related to the eating empty calories as well as junk food. In the case of meat processed food item, Singapore market face TBT, and SPS issues (Dong 2016). American food items are referred as costly, as compared with the similar type of products, from both the traditional and regional food supplying countries, such as European Union, Australia, and New Zealand. Singapore is price sensitive when the case comes to purchasing food items. The price sensitivity is offered by ASEAN countries and China for enhancing the Singapore market share (Dong 2016). The ASEAN Economic community was started in the year 2015; the primary goal is to transform the ASEAN in the single market as well as production base market for promoting the free trade movement and capital among the member state of ASEAN (Dong 2016). Singapore is the most competitive market. Competitive items are not so costly and are equally used as American products. Food ingredients coming from the regions has less cost, due to the free trade area of ASEAN (Dong 2016). The AFTA also cover common effective preferential tariff provision, for initiating the free flow of goods among member state. Japan Advantages It is predicted that the packaged food sale will continue to increase in the market of Japan, as customer continue to seek for the convenient food solutions amidst lifestyle and demographic changes. Along with this, manufacturers will also contribute towards sustaining the reduction in the category of the mature staple. Regarding sale, the largest packaged type of food in Japan is the chilled processed foods, such as chilled meats and chilled ready meals (Packaged Food Sales in Japan 2015). It also includes bakery products and dried processed foods, including instant noodle and rice. With the spread of eating habits of West among the customers, staples such as rice have continuously reduced in term of sale. It has negatively impacted the highest category within the dried processed food (Packaged Food Sales in Japan 2015). On the other side, ready to eat a meal, along with innovative, portable as well as convenient foods are creating headway. Disadvantages Japan is the third largest economy in the world after America and China. It is also considered as the important market for various global packaged food manufacturers. Along with that, Japan is considered as the fourth largest food importer of the world, which depends on other countries, for its 60% of the food (Packaged Food Sales in Japan 2015). At one side, the traditional taste and menu, primarily guide the average consumption habit of Japan, other Asian and western countries ethnic cuisine is making headway in the Japanese market. Nevertheless, high-end food, as well as beverage market of Japan, continues to come across many significant issues, which results from lasting anaemic growth of the economy and aging population (Packaged Food Sales in Japan 2015). These factors have accentuated the trends, which goes towards the healthy, functional, nutritious, as well as value for money items. Despite all these issues, consumers in Japan are interested in accepting the increased cost o f quality, convenience, and safety. The key supermarket chain within Japan is coming up with a large private label that is offering new as well as innovative food products (Packaged Food Sales in Japan 2015). Saudi Arabia Advantages The packed food market in Saudi Arabia is expected to increase by 2022, from the present position (Lee and Okos 2011). Factors that had contributed to the growth are, increase in the consumer convenience, an increase in the disposable consumer income, and change in consumer behaviour. Packaged food plays a significant role in the international food market (Saudi Arabia Canned Food Packaging Market 2017). Packaged food can be easily preserved for the months in a similar way to the actual form. Packaged food also continues to trend towards the little options in case of frozen meat and chilled food. While providing the benefits related with long shelf life as well as low price, packed food suffers from the poor perception of consumers about its quality and healthiness (Saudi Arabia Canned Food Packaging Market 2017). The food packaged at Saudi Arabia market is highly segmented according to the core material, like plastic, glass, metal and paper, and forms of the food product, like fruit s, readymade meals, seafood, and vegetables. Disadvantages Easy to use closures going good- in the context of increasing demand for the convenience, closures are providing easy resealing, closing as well as dispensing are viewing the excellent performance in Saudi Arabia. The rate of recycling is small- Due to little consumer awareness about the environmental problems in Saudi Arabia, the system of recycling is underdeveloped (Saudi Arabia Canned Food Packaging Market 2017). Huge range of pack and sizes are provided- there is a growing focus towards addressing the needs of consumers and demands in various areas of food packaging goods, and due to that consumers have become quite demanding (Aly and Baker 2013). There is an increasing emphasis on the packaging for the retailers shelf differentiation (Saudi Arabia Canned Food Packaging Market 2017). The same has resulted in various diverse trends of packaging, along with polarization of pack size that can be seen in areas like cat and dog food. Recommendation on which of these markets would provide the best option for TNA It is recommended that India and Singapore can prove to be the best market of TNA to expand its business. Below are the reasons for selecting these countries: India The Indian packaging industry is rapidly changing in the past three few years. From the time, when the items were sold mostly in losing packets, and pack closure is usually a struggle, the packaged and processing food industry has transformed, and rapidly shifted from losing towards the packaged food, and has even seen tremendous improvement in the quality of pack (Alam 2010). The increase in the income of consumers is also considered as the primary enabler, that has helped in empowering afford, as too costly, but with the high quality of the products. India has 393 billion containers, and the packaging market is also huge, which is calculated to present around 10% of the international market, in the context of unit volume (Heneghan 2016). It is also considered as one of the highest growing markets all over the world, which has increased by 11% between the years 2005-2010. India also enjoys flexible packaging, which is followed by the great packs of rigid plastic, paper, and glass. L iquid cartons and metals are relatively in less quantity and have viewed a rapid growth in past few years (Zain, Anas, Hassan, Lehar and Shamsuddin 2012). Singapore The retail sale value for the packaged food has increased up to 3% in 2016 that has also slightly reduced as compared with the average review period. Even the slowdown is attributed towards the growing maturity of packaged food goods in Singapore. However, the wellness and healthy packaged food have to continue towards the robust present value growth, and these efforts are made by health promotion board for initiating the healthy lifestyle and healthy eating. These efforts include the suggestions for consumers to minimize the intake of sugar (Shamsudin, Yodfiatfinda, Mohamed, Yusop and Radam 2011). Food packed market has also come up with reduced fat packaged items, and the same will reduce the fat milk, with around 47% of the value share in the year 2016. Providing semi skimmed and fat-free milk, Singapore is quite famous for offering health food packaged. Even there is a high awareness about food packaging, and high-quality products are provided to the customers. These products are available in the major supermarkets as well as hypermarkets (Smith 2011). TNA has an advantage in these markets, as they can even offer attractive offers to the customers. These factors have also increased the retail sales value in Singapore (McDonald 2012). It is expected that the packaged food will increase up to 3% CAGR in 2017, and it is forecasted that the sales will increase in 2021. In both the markets, the growth will be stable. The synergy among the health promotional board yearly campaign for promoting a healthy lifestyle and the drive from producers to continue to achieve symbol of healthier choice will make sure that stable growth is attained in all categories of food packaging industry (Shankar, Carpenter and Farley 2012). Actions for improving sales and marketing in those countries Singapore The marketing strategy of TNA helps the company in providing information about the ongoing changes happening in different components of companys business environment (Schermerhorn 2009). It also facilitates, the organization in entering the market of Singapore, which will support in attaining the goals of the company in both effective as well as efficient way. The marketing strategy of TNA will cover up few important features like: The new variety of the products will aim towards providing high quality as well as low-fat items so that customers can experience the high level of energy. TNA will also enhance the product and service sales by 10% in the coming years, by mainly emphasizing over working professionals, who are between the ages of 24-35 years (Russell 2010). TNA will also develop the focused customer plan in the next few months, for the purpose of increasing the brand image and increase the margin of sale. TNA will also spread the awareness about its products by health advertisements along with the active promotion (Russell 2010). TNA will also create the schemes and strategies, which could be implemented for improving the profit margin in the Singapore emerging market by 7% in the coming years. TNA will also enhance the acceptance of packaged products for female customers, which can make the energetic and enthusiastic (Russell 2010). India The food packaged marketing world in healthy and sanitized. Various brands like Real, Saint, Minute Maid, etc. has taken the western code like breakfast, purity, physical fitness and compensation. TNA in India will target the westernized, affluent audiences, for whom healthy lifestyle is essential (Reid and Bojanic 2009). Risk associated with these two potential markets In India huge part of floriculture and horticulture is mainly wasted, due to the lack of cold chains and logistics. Nevertheless, the proper packaging can help in addressing the innovation through enhancing the shelf life of these items by modified atmosphere packaging. BIS standards that are mainly used by the Indian packaging industry is not up to the standards set by the developed nations. Due to the relevant technology and mismatch of standard in food packaging, the export industry has suffered a lot. There is an increasing and ongoing trend in Singapore for the healthy eating (Peng 2012). Whether it is justified or not, but the fast food is often related to the eating empty calories as well as junk food. Singapore is price sensitive when the case comes to purchasing food items. Singapore is the most competitive market. Competitive items are not so costly and are equally used as American products. Food ingredients coming from the regions has less cost, due to the free trade area of ASEAN (Marich 2009). The AFTA also cover common effective preferential tariff provision, for initiating the free flow of goods among member state (Martinez and Wolverton 2009). Conclusion Benefits and challenges related to five Asian countries is analysed in the report, so that it become easier for TNA to expand their business in these market. TNA had faced various challenges when they grew their business in different countries, which relates to lack of technical compatibility among the system of TNA and snack food packaging industry. In this report recommendation is provided, that relates to enhancing sales and marketing in these regions. References ADVANTAGE INDIA - CONSUMER GOODS PACKAGING TRENDS. 2011. [Online]. Available at: https://www.iom3.org/packaging-professional-magazine/news/2011/may/22/advantage-india-consumer-goods-packaging-trends [Accessed on: 13th May 2017]. Alam, S. S. 2010. Assessing Barriers of Growth of Food Processing SMIs in Malaysia: A Factor Analysis. International Business Research, 4(1), pp. 252-259. Aly, A.A., and Baker, C.G.J. 2013. Productivity Issues: Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, in Handbook of Food factory Design. In: Baker, C.G.J. (Ed.). New York: Springer Dong, J. 2016. Singapore Food Processing Ingredients. [Online]. Available at: https://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/Food%20Processing%20Ingredients_Singapore_Singapore_12-9-2016.pdf [Accessed on: 13th May 2017] Gillespie, Jeannet, Hennessey. 2009. Global Marketing, 2009 Ed. Wiley India Pvt. Limited. Heneghan, C. 2016. 8 major challenges facing the food and beverage industry in 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://www.fooddive.com/news/8-major-challenges-facing-the-food-and-beverage-industry-in-2016/411408/ [Accessed on: 13th May 2017] Lamb, C.W., Hair, J.F. and McDaniel, C.D. 2010. Essentials of Marketing. Cengage Learning. Lee, W., and Okos, M. R. 2011. Sustainable Food Processing Systems-path to a Zero Discharge: Reduction of Water, Waste and Energy. Procedia Food Science, 1, pp. 1768-1777. Malaysian Association of Standard Users. 2013. Consumer Complaints- Feedback to Improve Food Safety Standards. Standard Users, 1(1), pp. 24 Marich, R. 2009. Marketing to Moviegoers: A Handbook of Strategies and Tactics. SIU Press. Martinez, M. and Wolverton, M. 2009. Innovative strategy making in higher education. IAP. McDonald, M. 2012. Market Segmentation: How to Do It and How to Profit from It. John Wiley Sons. Packaged Food Sales in Japan. 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www5.agr.gc.ca/resources/prod/Internet-Internet/MISB-DGSIM/ATS-SEA/PDF/6609-eng.pdf [Accessed on: 13th May 2017] Peng, M.W. 2012. Global Strategy. Cengage Learning. Reid, R.D. and Bojanic, D.C. 2009. Hospitality marketing management. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Russell, E. 2010. The Fundamentals of Marketing. AVA Publishing. Saudi Arabia Canned Food Packaging Market. 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/saudi-arabia-canned-food-packaging-market [Accessed on: 13th May 2017] Schermerhorn, J.R. 2009. Exploring Management. John Wiley Sons. Shamsudin, M.N., Yodfiatfinda, Mohamed, Z.A., Yusop, Z., and Radam, A. 2011. Evaluation of Market Competitiveness of SMEs in the Malaysian Food Processing Industry. Journal of Agribusiness Marketing, 4, pp. 1-20. Shankar, V., Carpenter, G.S. and Farley, J. 2012. Handbook of Marketing Strategy. Edward Elgar Publishing. Smith, T. 2011. Pricing strategy: setting price levels, managing price discounts and establishing price structures. USA: Cengage Learning. Talib, H.H.A., Ali, K.A.M., and Idris, F. 2013. Quality Management Framework for the SME's Food Processing Industry in Malaysia. International Food Research Journal, 20(1), pp. 147-164 Zain, Z.M., Anas, Y., Hassan, F.H., Lehar, H., and Shamsuddin, S. 2012. Challenges, Opportunities and Performance of Bumiputera Smes in the Food Industry: A Malaysian Perspective. IEEE Innovation Management and Technology Research International Conference 722-726.